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西方“富人俱乐部”向中国发邀请 中国接不接?

2018-05-23 16:53:55   参考消息

原标题:西方“富人俱乐部”再次向中国发出邀请,中国接还是不接?

参考消息网5月23日报道 在5月21日举行的外交部例行记者会上有记者问:美国财长努姆钦及IMF和世行方面敦促中方加入巴黎俱乐部,中方是否会考虑加入巴黎俱乐部?外交部发言人陆慷对此回应称:“我们回答过类似的问题。中国开展对外经济合作和援助,从来没有不可告人的目的,最关键的是,我们从来不附加任何政治条件。”

这已经不是西方第一次表明立场希望中国加入该机构。究竟何为巴黎俱乐部?西方为什么一而再地希望中国加入其中呢?

巴黎俱乐部为“何方神圣”?

根据公开资料,巴黎俱乐部是成立于1956年的国际性非正式组织,现时由全球最富裕的22个国家组成,大部分来自西方国家,专门为负债国和债权国提供债务安排,因此也被称作“富人俱乐部”。截止2016年己先后对90个债务国达成了433项协议,涉及债务金额5830亿美元。2004年,巴黎俱乐部决定注销伊拉克的债务。该组织也为2004年海啸中的死伤者提供协助。

但是由于2008年全球金融危机的巨大冲击,造成“地主家也没有余粮”的窘境;同时,以金砖国家为代表的市场快速成长,成为新兴债权国,巴黎俱乐部也不断寻求与这些国家的合作,现在,其特设参与国已扩展到12个,包括中国、南非等。多年来,中国一直在常态性参与巴黎俱乐部,但对是否加入该组织持保留态度。

2016年G20期间,美国和法国多次向中国抛出橄榄枝,邀请中国加入巴黎俱乐部。有观点认为,随着新兴债权国的成长,巴黎俱乐部为扩大国际影响力开始积极吸纳新兴国家参与,而中国通过融入这一机制将强化在全球经济治理中的作用和对外部官方债权的风险管理。

商务部国际贸易经济合作研究院研究员梅新育在接受参考消息网记者采访时表示,如果中国加入巴黎俱乐部,一定程度上体现出中国在国际经济系中地位的上升,也有助于提升中国在全球经济治理中的影响力。如今随着中国与许多发展中国家紧密合作的推进,中国对相关国家的主权贷款不断地增加。因此作为新兴的债权大国,中国如今一定程度上确实需要国际债务相关的权益保障机制,以防范之后可能面临的外部债务风险。可以说,中国如果加入巴黎俱乐部这一机制,一定程度上可以更好地应对主权债务危机、保障其全球金融稳定。

中国加入?还需谨慎观察

虽然中国加入巴黎俱乐部会产生一定的积极影响,但梅新育表示,中国可以尝试就加入巴黎俱乐部与相关组织和人士接触,但是真正加入其中还需要进一步观察和研究。

梅新育表示,巴黎俱乐部的大部分成员为传统西方国家。在客观上,这些国家与中国在全球经贸中存在竞争关系;主观上,其中部分国家也对中国在全球经贸体系中的一些战略存有误解和敌意,这些都一定程度上会成为中国加入巴黎俱乐部的阻碍。

梅新育说,巴黎俱乐部作为世界主要债权国组成的以协商解决债务国困境为目的的非正式组织,一定程度上其行为体现了客观经济规律的需要。但也要注意到,巴黎俱乐部的很多决定一定会从西方国家自身的利益出发,不见得对中国有利。中国如果加入该机制,必须提防这一点。

同时还有学者表示,中国作为世界上经济体量最大的发展中国家,一直以捍卫发展中国家的利益为己任。加入“富人俱乐部”,中国难免会被质疑与自身发展中国家的定位存在冲突。同时,巴黎俱乐部长期由美国和法国主导,中国作为后来者的话语权在短期内将相对有限。另外,根据巴黎俱乐部信息共享的原则,中国需要向其他成员国披露相关债务国的信息和债权数据,这意味着中国日后在海外开展主权贷款时有必要考虑信息披露后其他成员国的反应。

随着中国国际地位的提升,对外经济事务的开放和透明是必然的趋势,中国不会因为西方的态度就放慢甚至停止脚步,也不会贸然加入对自己不利的组织。正如陆慷在21日的记者会上最后说道:“中方希望有关国家能够把时间和精力花在为支持发展中国家多做实实在在的贡献上,而不要对别人所做的积极努力说三道四。如果仍旧心存疑虑,中方建议多去这些受益国家看看,多听听当地政府和人民自己的看法和意见。”(完)


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