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中世纪孕妇38周时死亡 被埋葬后竟“生下”胎儿

2018-03-29 17:05:09   北青网 

意大利考古学家发现,一名中世纪的妇女在怀孕38周时死亡,在她被埋葬后还“生下”了一个胎儿。墓穴打开时,胎儿的骸骨就在母亲两腿之间。

中世纪孕妇38周时死亡 被埋葬后竟“生下”胎儿

据英国《每日邮报》27日报道,2010年,考古学家在意大利伊莫拉(Imola)的一处古代墓葬中,发现了一具保存完好的成人遗骸,在它两腿之间还有一个胎儿的骸骨。

中世纪孕妇38周时死亡 被埋葬后竟“生下”胎儿

这种现象被称为“死后分娩”,一般是因母体死亡,在尸解过程中会产生一些气体,尸体发生肿胀,从而将胎儿从母体里推了出来。

这名孕妇生活的年代大约在7-8世纪,年龄大约25-35岁之间,她的头骨上有一个洞,据研究,损伤是外科手术的结果,而不是暴力创伤,表明她接受过中世纪的开脑手术。

中世纪孕妇38周时死亡 被埋葬后竟“生下”胎儿

这种手术被称为环钻术(trepanation),可以追溯到新石器时代。

环钻术是通过钻孔或切割头骨,被用来治疗各种各样的疾病,包括今天仍然普遍存在的一些妊娠疾病。

据研究人员称,子痫是妊娠毒血症的先兆,在怀孕20周后会对孕妇产生影响,而高血压病仍然是孕妇死亡的首要原因。

妊娠毒血症最常见的表现是高热、惊厥、枕骨痛、颅内高压和脑出血。“所有这些症状,从史前到20世纪,都是采用‘环钻术’治疗的。”

而且,研究人员说,她头骨上的洞有早期骨愈合的迹象,表明这名妇女在手术完成后至少存活了一个星期。

意大利费拉拉大学和博洛尼亚大学的研究人员在一篇发表在《世界神经外科》(World Neurosurgery)杂志上的论文中详细阐述了这一发现。

虽然不可能确切地知道她为什么要进行环钻术,但研究人员说,这很可能是为了减轻由子痫引起的颅内高压。

她的死因还不确定,可能是死于妊娠失调、与手术有关的并发症或手术本身。

无论如何,研究人员说,这一考古发现是非常罕见的。

“这是欧洲中世纪早期发现的为数不多的有记录的环钻术案例之一,也是唯一一个与‘死后分娩’现象有关的孕妇。”

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