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为什么中药通不过FDA审查 张伯礼院士这样说

2018-01-18 01:25:38   中国新闻网

资料图:图为甘肃举办中药材产业大会。 杨艳敏 摄

为什么中药通不过FDA审查 张伯礼院士:不是通不过,而是在路上

“在中国上市的数以万计的中药,只有屈指可数的几个申报美国食品药品监督管理局(FDA)批准,而且无一获批……”日前,一篇题为“为什么中药通不过FDA的审查”的文章刷爆朋友圈,再次将中医药抛向舆论的风口浪尖,成为民众关注的焦点。

为什么中药通不过FDA的审查?

在2018中医药工作会议间隙,科技日报记者找到中国工程院院士张伯礼,当听到记者的提问时,老先生直摇头。“这样说是不正确的,这个问题很复杂,不是通不过,而是在路上。”张伯礼强调。

中药成分复杂 文化差异等致使难通过审查

“当前,我国有一批中药正在申请美国FDA注册的过程中。”张伯礼说,一个药物在美国注册,要经过FDA一系列技术审批流程。迄今,除复方丹参滴丸完成了Ⅲ期临床试验外,我国还有一批中药获得药物临床试验许可,有5个中成药完成了Ⅱ期临床试验。

一般来讲,FDA的药物审批要求提供Ⅲ期临床试验数据,Ⅲ期临床试验首先检验药物的安全性,然后是有效性。药物有效性的验证方法采取随机双盲试验,即设立对照组、参试者随机分组、参试者和试验人员都不知道参试者服用的是药物还是安慰剂。采取这样的方法是为了排除安慰剂效应。

这是一个漫长的过程,最长需耗时8—12年。

中药之所以难通过审批,究其原因,张伯礼分析,一是两种知识体系需要沟通、交流、融汇。中药从药物来源、处方、制剂及临床评价等方面来说与现代化学药有很大差异,双方都有一个学习理解的过程。

这种局面正在改变,去年年底,张伯礼在与美国FDA工作人员交流时了解到,在美国、欧盟药典会审批中国药物时,案头都会放一部中国药典(Ⅰ部),作为重要参考书。

二是美国FDA是世界药物监管最严格,水平最高的机构,而中药研发、生产、质控、评价水平与他们的要求确有很大差距,中药要达到其审评技术要求,还需要不断学习、实践、提高。

“三是复方中药研发技术难度更大,其他国家的药品在美国FDA通过审批,注册成功的也很少,且多是单味药,复方中药很少。”张伯礼说,复方中药是中药特色,对防治复杂性疾病有显著优势,但研究难度较大,技术要求更复杂。

的确,上海中医药大学研究生院院长陈跃来也表示,中药的成分难以完全阐释清楚;中药尤其是复方中药的作用机理尚不能用现代医学语言表述;对中医中药的文化认同差异等都是其难通过的原因。

明知不可为而为之 将FDA审批作为圈钱噱头?

在“为什么中药通不过FDA的审查”文中,作者表示,目前中国临床实践中的中药不要说临床Ⅲ期了,连临床Ⅰ期和Ⅱ期都难以通过,因为大多数中药的副作用不清楚,换句话说安全性没有把握,更不要说有效性了。

“这些中药其实明知无法获得FDA批准,只是将FDA审批作为股市圈钱的套路而已。”作者结尾写道。

对此,陈跃来表示,有这个可能,一方面国内老百姓不清楚这种行情,容易被忽悠;另外,对一些崇洋媚外的人来说,还是有一定市场。但这种急功近利、虚假宣传,一旦药品安全性出现问题,民众就会对行业失去信心。

然而,张伯礼认为,这种观点可能有一定的代表性,但并不正确。中药海外注册需要科技支撑,需要大量资金投入和对法规的学习。的确,据记者了解,通过FDA的审查,时间消耗是一方面,再就是财力,通常花费高达3—5亿美元。

“企业家以吃螃蟹的精神去探索,应当给予鼓励和支持。”张伯礼说,中医药国际化是一个过程,特别是在发达国家进行注册,尚处于探索阶段,这也倒逼我们做好研究工作。

“中医药国际化是时代需求,不是我们强行向海外推广中医药。中医药走向国际,要依赖国内坚实的科技积累,科技是中医药发展的翅膀,翅膀越硬才能飞得越高,越远。”张伯礼强调。

本报记者 付丽丽

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