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“桑吉”轮沉没 浩瀚大海上船只相撞为何屡屡发生?

2018-01-17 03:11:33   中国新闻网

“桑吉”轮沉没引发公众困惑,专家详解——

浩瀚的大海上船只相撞为何屡屡发生

经过全力抢救,还是听到了最坏的消息。1月14日,在距离事发水域位置东南约151海里位置,巴拿马籍油船“桑吉”轮沉没。

数天前,“桑吉”轮与香港籍散货船“长峰水晶”号在长江口以东约160海里处发生碰撞,导致前者全船失火。

许多人困惑,在浩瀚大海上,船舶犹如一片片小树叶,怎么还会相撞?

“事实就是如此残酷,海上经常会发生船舶碰撞事故。”1月16日,上海海事大学商船学院副院长船舶教授胡勤友在接受科技日报记者采访时表示。

推荐或习惯航线区域船舶汇集

胡勤友告诉记者,船员会根据船情和当时天气状况,在确保安全的前提下,自行设计一条航线。航线设计一般考虑两个因素:距离到达港口最近,或航行时间最短。

经过多年实践和积累,被广大船员接受和认可的固定航线,成为习惯航线或推荐航线。

“如果都采用推荐航线或习惯航线,船舶往往会在某些海域汇集,即使不采用该航线,不同船舶设计的航线有时也会交叉,在同一时刻航行到航线交点附近时,因船舶间距很近,也可能出现碰撞风险。”胡勤友说。

语言差异大,也是增加碰撞危险的一个因素。

“英语是国际航海通用语言,而在船舶上工作的船员,母语五花八门。”胡勤友表示,由于语言障碍,理解错误可能造成避让措施不及时,甚至相悖。

港口附近水域事故发生几率增加

此次撞船事故发生在东海海域。

德国《世界报》的调查发现,我国东部和南部海域,印度半岛附近海域,印度尼西亚、马来半岛、朝鲜半岛和日本周边的海域已成为全球最危险的海域。2016年,约有33艘船舶在该地区失事。

东临东海的上海港是全球最大的港口之一。

根据航海特点,船舶在深海航行,相对要安全一些。受水深、船舶交通流量、潮汐以及周围障碍物等多因素影响,港口附近水域船舶海上碰撞事故几率增加。

出事海域位于我国渔场交汇地带。有着30多年航海经验的国家海洋局中国极地研究中心原“雪龙”号船长沈权告诉记者,大量作业的渔船对航行有较大影响,特别是渔船作业时操纵受限更是给在此航线上航行的商船带来更多潜在风险。

另据“船队在线”航运大数据显示,目前我国近海航行的船舶达62697条。受成本及效率趋动,船舶大型化趋势明显。胡勤友认为,大型船舶转向和航速变化幅度较慢,容易使避让行动滞后。

船舶间避让行动规则尚待完善

针对海上船舶如何避让,国际海事组织发布了专门的《国际海上避碰规则》(以下简称《规则》),对在不同条件下,船舶间的避让责任、应尽义务以及应采取的行动准备等内容,进行了严格规定。

“由于目前在海上航行的船舶类型很多,不同船员采取的避让行动差别也很大,会出现船员违背《规则》要求采取行动的情况。”在胡勤友看来,这会使船舶间的避让行动变得更为复杂。

胡勤友同时表示,针对多条船舶互撞情况,《规则》并未给出明确的避让行动要求,尚待进一步完善。

“桑吉”轮沉没前,救助人员已将其“黑匣子”抢回,期待有关人士能借此解开“桑吉”轮的失事谜题。

1月10日,巴拿马籍油船“桑吉”轮与香港籍散货船“长峰水晶”号在长江口以东约160海里处发生碰撞。14日10时许,“桑吉”轮整体没入水中。因船体爆燃,大量油污在周边海面燃烧,生态环境受到一定影响。

(科技日报北京1月16日电 记者 矫 阳 陈 瑜)

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