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专家:东海撞船事件暂不会影响中国近海生态

2018-01-11 09:40:24   中国新闻网

 “桑吉”轮重载13.6万吨凝析油失火

  东海撞船事件暂不会影响我国近海生态

  专家指出凝析油极易挥发或造成大气污染

本报记者 矫 阳 陈 瑜

1月10日,距巴拿马籍油船“桑吉”轮与香港籍散货船“长峰水晶”轮在长江口以东约160海里处发生碰撞,导致“桑吉”轮全船失火已4天。

10日晚,国家海洋局发布东海撞船事件最新进展,根据国家海洋局现场最新巡视监测结果,海监飞机航空遥感发现事故船体右侧有少量疑似溢油。相关专家在接受科技日报记者采访时表示,目前事故船舶距离我国舟山近岸约350公里,暂不会对近岸海域生态环境产生影响。

“桑吉”轮重载13.6万吨凝析油和几千吨船用燃油。“凝析油挥发性极高(与汽油相仿),温度越高越易挥发,因此凝析油入水后会快速挥发,水面残余极少,但在空气中弥漫遇明火易引起火灾爆炸事故。”交通运输部烟台海事局烟台溢油应急技术中心高级工程师赵如箱说。

截至记者发稿时,来自交通运输部消息,“桑吉”轮仍在燃烧,对“桑吉”轮的火势监测和遇险人员的搜救工作仍在进行中。此前报道称,出事海域正位于我国长江口、江外、舟山、舟外等渔场交汇地带,这次海难是否会对舟山海域造成生态污染,以及我国目前对海上漏油有无先进的处置技术等,引起广泛关注。

“凝析油是指从凝析气田或油田伴生天然气凝析出来的液相组分,又称天然汽油,主要成分是C5至C11烃类的混合物,并含有少量烃类以及二氧化硫和多硫化物等杂质。”赵如箱说。

据烟台溢油应急技术中心模拟,因凝析油的特性,其泄漏5小时后,海面残存油量只有总泄漏量的1%。

国家海洋局北海海洋环境监测中心研究员周青认为,虽然目前没有造成生态影响,但凝析油问题不容忽视。他指出,凝析油所含有毒的硫化氢及硫醇等成分,挥发后会对大气造成一定的污染,其燃烧产物具有毒性,通过吸入、皮肤侵入等方式均会对人体造成伤害,并会对海洋生态环境产生潜在威胁。此外,专家指出,事故船舶本身携带的燃料油一旦泄漏,将会造成海水污染。

国家海洋环境监测中心研究员姚子伟介绍,海上凝析油事故主要发生在石油(天然气)平台。例如,1988年的英国北海阿尔法平台爆炸事故就是由于凝析油泄漏形成的天然气云团遇明火发生爆炸。平台上的226人中,165人死亡,英国北海油田减产12%。事故调查直接催生了世界级的HSE(健康、安全、环境)标准体系的建立。

那么,对重大海上溢油事故,有无新技术能进行有效处置?

记者从交通运输部水运科学院了解,我国已具备国际领先的海上溢油收集处置能力。早在2015年6月,由交通运输部组织实施、交通部水运科学研究院牵头承担的“十二五”国家科技支撑计划“智能化水面溢油处置平台及成套装备研制”项目即通过了科技部组织的项目验收。项目负责人张宝晨介绍说,根据课题验收和技术鉴定结论,项目成果总体达到国际先进水平,部分成果达到国际领先水平。

来自交通运输部最新消息显示,在“东海救118”轮的护航下,“长峰水晶”轮已于9日晚上靠泊。有关“桑吉”轮造成的影响评估及处置进展,本报将进一步关注。

(科技日报北京1月10日电)

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