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记者调查:网传一颗小行星明年11月威胁地球是真是假?

2017-12-25 08:54:30   看看新闻



有关小行星要撞地球,你我即将狗带的传言一直此起彼伏,这不,这两天又来一条。

标题就很耸人听闻:《NASA:明年一颗直径700米的陨石将光顾地球 科学家已高度戒备》。
文章大意是:前天,NASA发出警报,称一颗直径700米的 陨石 会在2018年的11月份光临地球附近,目前,NASA的观测设备正时刻不停地监视着它的一举一动。如果它不幸撞在了地球的大洋上,将会造成100米的恐怖海啸。
首先,纠正一点:落到地球上的才是"陨石",之前的都叫"小行星"。

那NASA到底有没这么说呢?大眼妹带着好奇登陆了NASA官网,发现前天也就是12月22日,NASA的确发过一篇关于近地小行星的新闻。新闻的主要内容是发布天文学家近期通过雷达影像观测到的近地小行星Phaethon的近况。

NASA称,Phaethon是被列为"潜在威胁"范畴的近地小行星中,尺寸第二大的,直径大约6公里,而不是前文所说700米。

本月中旬,天文学家通过雷达观测这颗小行星,发现在它近期运行中,离地球最近的一次是在12月16日下午3点,距离大约1030万千米,这个距离是地球和月亮距离的27倍。
根据预测,一直到2093年之前,这颗小行星都不会离地球更近。

另外,1974年,这颗小行星曾经距离地球比今年12月16日更近过;以及1931年,在它被人类发现之前,它曾经距离地球,只有现在这个距离的一半。

所以,前文说,明年11月,它就会光临地球附近,完全是谣言。
那么,小行星究竟距离地球多近就能构成实实在在的威胁了呢?大眼妹咨询的科学家表示,到月球这个距离,或者比月球还近那就算近了。(这次报道中的小行星近期距离地球最近一次是地月距离的27倍)。

如果真的出现距离地球只有几万公里的小行星,人类能怎么办呢?

天马望远镜总工程师刘庆会介绍,最有可能实现的方法,是用火箭或探测器去撞击小行星,从而改变它的运行轨迹。让本来是冲着地球来的,能与地球擦肩而过。我国预计2022年就会发射一颗小行星探测器,相信能够增强对付危险小行星的能力。

刘老师介绍,小行星诞生于45亿年前。太阳系形成之初,是一片尘埃,受重力影响尘埃互相撞击、聚合,有的像滚雪球一样越滚越大,就形成了太阳,九大行星。剩下的块状岩石小型尘埃,就是小行星。这些小行星最多聚集的地带是,火星和木星之间,这个区域被称为"小行星带"。
小行星的运行轨道容易受太阳和各大行星的影响,产生变化,变着变着,有一小部分就可能跑向地球附近,产生撞击地球的可能性。
目前,科学家可以通过天文望远镜等手段,长期观测小行星的运行轨道,从而对它的运行趋势能有一个基本的预测,但这个预测目前还存在误差。此外,由于小行星运行过程中很容易受多种因素影响改变轨道,因而准确预测它的轨道目前还无法实现。

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