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烟草依赖是种慢性病 重庆二级以上医院将设戒烟门诊

2017-10-31 05:50:56   中国青年网

在重医附一院呼吸科,每周一二都有戒烟门诊。自2009年开设以来,平均每个门诊日只有两三个人来咨询。门可罗雀的背后,是长久以来人们对戒烟观念的误解:戒烟不就是靠毅力,还需要去医院?实际上,长期吸烟者中,凭个人努力戒断的仅占3%–5%,90%的吸烟者有戒烟后复吸的经历。烟瘾,并不是想戒就能戒。

日前,重庆市卫计委、重庆市健康教育所对临床医生进行戒烟门诊培训,要求全市二级以上综合性医疗机构规范设立戒烟门诊,提供专业戒烟指导和服务。加大无烟环境创建力度,实现到2020年全市室内公共场所全面禁烟。

各位烟民请自查 有这些行为说明你有烟草依赖

10月30日,重医附一院戒烟门诊,偶尔有一两个人前来咨询。在儿女陪同下,51岁的陈国忠有些不情愿地走进门。

陈国忠家住沙坪坝区天星桥街道金都花园小区,有30多年吸烟史,每天得抽2包烟。最近老陈咳嗽得厉害,女儿实在看不下去,给他挂了号,希望能帮他把烟戒掉。

刚坐下,老陈就向医生抱怨,戒烟有啥好的,自己有个同事本来过得很好,结果刚把烟戒掉,就查出了肺癌。

和老陈有类似看法的“老烟哥”有很多。西南医院曾总结过一份“老烟哥的八大误解怪论”,“吸烟多年突然戒,反而会生病”位居第三。其他七个误解观点分别为饭后一支烟,赛过活神仙;有的人抽烟照样活得久;戒烟会变胖,吸烟可减肥;抽了一辈子,现在戒没意义;烟瘾太重戒不了;我抽的是“假”烟,吸了就吐不入肺;吸烟预防痴呆。

“这些都是吸烟者自我安慰的借口。”世界卫生组织戒烟与呼吸疾病预防合作中心执行主任、北京市医学戒烟干预工作委员会主任委员肖丹说,许多吸烟者认为自己能控制烟瘾,把戒烟失败的原因归结于意志力薄弱。他们往往会习惯性地伸手掏兜,特别是身边有人吸烟时,就更控制不住。

肖丹说,吸烟造成的烟草依赖不是“习惯”,而是一种慢性疾病,只有少数吸烟者第一次戒烟就能完全戒掉。长期吸烟者仅凭自己努力就能戒掉的只有不到3%,90%的吸烟者均有戒烟后复吸的经历,因此治疗是一个长期的过程。

全市二级以上医院将设戒烟门诊 想戒掉至少得3个月

不仅是烟草依赖,尽管“吸烟有害健康”这句话人人都听过,但现实中,人们对于烟草危害的认识仍有不足。

据重庆市健康教育所发布的2015年全市成人烟草报告显示,15岁及以上的成人中,吸烟率为24.7%,其中男性吸烟率为46.7%,女性吸烟率为1.5%;42.1%的非吸烟者在室内工作时遭受二手烟危害。

报告数据显示,在拜访过医务人员的吸烟者中,仅有5.1%打算在未来一个月内戒烟,14.7%打算在未来12个月内戒烟,53.6%则对戒烟不感兴趣。

无论是从个体出发,还是对公众健康的影响,禁烟已经成为一种趋势。今年1月,重庆发布《健康重庆2030规划》,明确指出加大无烟环境创建力度,到2020年实现室内公共场所全面禁烟。到2030年,15岁以上人群吸烟率下降到20%以下。

在此方面,重庆医疗系统带头行动起来,开设戒烟门诊就是其中一项举措。自2008年开始,重庆就在重医附一院、市第五人民医院、铜梁区人民医院等开设戒烟门诊试点,让戒烟意识走进市民心中。

肖丹介绍,戒烟成功的标准是连续一整年不吸烟,一个完整的戒烟疗程需要3个月。戒烟门诊将通过行为指导、药物治疗等方式,帮助戒烟成功率提高2至3倍。

在戒烟门诊,戒烟者首先会得到一份评估表,医生针对病人的症状作出评估后,将为病人指出合理的戒烟方式。当医生与病人或病人家属达成戒烟意向之后,戒烟门诊会让病人自愿签署和填写一份登记表,并安排3个月的监督计划和随访表,监督病人完成戒烟。

多数情况下,病人只需要接受医生和家属的监督,即可戒烟,少数病人则需要每周服用药品来抵制烟瘾的危害。

接下来,全市二级以上综合性医疗机构将规范设立戒烟门诊,提供专业戒烟指导和服务。全市卫生计生机构在提供医疗卫生服务过程中,还将建立实行首诊询问吸烟史制度,并将其纳入病例考核标准,为吸烟病人提供戒烟指导和服务。

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