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ICO、虚拟货币交易平台先后被叫停—— 数字货币应该长啥样

2017-09-22 06:42:09   中国经济网

编者按 近年来,比特币价格迅速攀升,吸引了大批中小投资者参与。同时,以比特币和各类虚拟货币为媒介的非法金融活动蔓延,风险巨大。监管层反复提示虚拟货币及ICO存在风险,并于近期叫停ICO、关停虚拟货币交易平台。本版今起推出“严控虚拟货币风险”系列报道,以帮助读者进一步认清虚拟货币本质,防范炒买炒卖及相关各类非法金融风险。

日前,火币网、OKCoin宣布将停止注册和充值,并将于10月31日前依次逐步停止所有数字资产兑换人民币的交易。比特币中国、微比特、云币网等虚拟货币交易平台也均宣布即将关停。此前,针对首次代币发行(ICO)乱象,7部门联合发文予以叫停。

比特币中国宣布关闭交易当日,各大虚拟货币暴跌。比特币中国数据显示,比特币当日下跌约20%,跌破2万元,莱特币和以太币日内跌幅均超过30%。随后,暴跌仍在继续,比特币一度触及16000元,创下近两月以来新低。

在一系列监管政策出台后,虚拟货币将走向何方?

虚拟货币不是货币

无论是7部门发文中对虚拟货币予以定性,还是业内专家学者得出的结论,均指向一点:虚拟货币不是法定货币。

比特币的研发者信奉和主张货币去国家化,部分怂恿人们投资的机构也将其作为卖点,认为诸如比特币等虚拟货币未来可能成为主流,甚至会取代法定货币。事实上,与主权货币不同,虚拟货币的信用基础是数学算法,其价格取决于算法的可靠性及市场信心等因素,技术上还存在很多缺陷和漏洞,价值根基非常脆弱。

早在2013年,中国人民银行等5部委发布的《关于防范比特币风险的通知》中就明确了比特币的性质,认为比特币不是由货币当局发行,不具有法偿性与强制性等货币属性,并不是真正意义上的货币。“从性质上看,比特币是一种特定的虚拟商品,不具有与货币等同的法律地位,不能且不应作为货币在市场上流通使用。”

近日,7部门在《关于防范代币发行融资风险的公告》中也指出,代币发行融资中使用的代币或虚拟货币不由货币当局发行,不具有法偿性与强制性等货币属性,不具有与货币等同的法律地位,不能也不应作为货币在市场上流通使用。

“现在看来,它只是创造了一种可以炒作的资产。”CFT50高级学术顾问、国家金融与发展实验室理事长李扬认为,比特币不可能是货币。首先,币的第一个条件是币值稳定,然后别人才能用来衡量交易。其次,它必须随着实体经济的发展不断地同比例增加供应。由于比特币数量有限,不可能跟上实体经济发展的步伐,因此也无法将其作为货币来使用。

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