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台风“海马”被除名 新名字由您来定

2017-09-18 07:11:47   中国经济网

还记得2016年第22号超强台风“海马”吗?去年10月19日,“海马”登陆菲律宾吕宋卡加延省,而后进入南海、直抵我国广东。“海马”登陆后,菲律宾大气地球物理和天文服务管理局历史上首次发出了五号最高风暴信号。受“海马”影响,菲律宾及我国华南地区受创严重,经济损失总计约19.3亿美元。

近日,记者从中国气象局获悉,因不满台风“海马”所到之处留下的满目疮痍,台风委员会第49届年会决定对“海马”除名,并要求负责取名的中国提交新的台风名字以填补空缺。

“当一个台风造成某个或多个成员国(地区)的巨大损失,该成员国(地区)即可向台风委员会提请撤换台风名称,这个名称将被永久除名并停止使用。”中国气象局台风与海洋气象预报中心主任钱传海告诉记者,当台风委员会成员认为台风名字不恰当时,也可提请撤换;而当某个台风的名称从命名表中删除后,需要对台风名称进行增补,该名称一般由原提供成员国或地区重新推荐。

钱传海介绍,“海马”这个名字总计被使用了3次,分别是2004年第21号台风“海马”、2011年第4号台风“海马”,以及2016年第22号台风“海马”。其中,“海马”一世和二世的强度并不可怕,仅达到热带风暴级别,却没曾想到“海马”三世会如此肆虐,毫不留情面。

造成重大灾情的台风逃不过被除名的命运,铁石心肠的“海马”终将被新名字取代。而时光倒转,伴随着这些台风生成后的命名是缘何而来的呢?

“20世纪初,气象预报员开始为台风命名。在西北太平洋,正式以人名为台风命名的举动始于1945年,起初只采用女性名,从1979年起,男人名和女人名交替使用。”钱传海说。

为避免名称混乱,1997年举行的台风委员会第30届会议决定,西北太平洋和南海的热带气旋采用具有亚洲风格的名字命名,分别由世界气象组织所属亚太地区的柬埔寨、中国、朝鲜、日本、老挝、马来西亚、密克罗尼西亚、菲律宾、韩国、泰国、美国、越南及中国香港、中国澳门14个成员提供,每个国家(地区)提出10个名字,总计140个名字循环使用,并敲定从2000年1月1日起开始实施新的命名方法。

其实,不只是“海马”,台风命名表自使用以来,台风委员会总计已除名了40个台风名字。其中,有32个因为台风造成严重灾害被除名,每一个被除名的台风都给人留下了深刻的印象。

在中国,“海马”的除名也早有前车之鉴。2005年第19号台风“龙王”一路肆虐,在福建造成了74.78亿元的经济损失。于是台风委员会决定将“龙王”除名,以“海葵”来接替它。而上一个被除名的中国台风名字是“海燕”。2013年第30号台风“海燕”登陆菲律宾后,给当地带来重创,造成6201人伤亡,经济损失达8.15亿美元。菲律宾当年便向台风委员会提请撤换,中国气象局于2014年进行台风名字征名活动,最终以“白鹿”替代“海燕”。

目前,我国最新提出的10个台风名字包括:海葵、悟空、玉兔、白鹿、风神、海神、杜鹃、电母、海马和海棠。“台风名字并不是随随便便起的,我国给台风的命名大多来自流传已久的神话故事,或是登陆地点代表性的植物花卉名称。”钱传海说。

具体来讲,台风委员会提出的新台风名字应符合以下要求:2至3个汉字的中文名,其对应的拼音不超过9个字母;朗朗上口易于媒体传播;无不恰当的含义;不能使用商业品牌名称;不能与曾用和现用台风名称重复。

为做好台风命名工作,积极推广普及防灾减灾知识,提升公众对台风的认知和预防能力,中央气象台于9月13日至18日开展了“我给台风起名字”活动,首次利用新浪微博等新媒体平台开展台风命名活动,并且首次明确将台风命名权归属给公众个人。最终选定的台风名字将于2018年2月份召开的台风委员会第50届会议上公布,中央气象台也将为选定名字的公众颁发台风命名证书。(经济日报记者 郭静原)

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