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谷物营养成分合理保留后可增强人类免疫力

2017-09-18 07:11:47   中国经济网

▲ 安徽合肥笔架山街道翠庭园小学学生用多种粮食在盘中作画,向人们倡议珍惜粮食,多食用全谷物。 (资料图片)

? 全谷物食品在世界范围内日益受到关注,图为消费者在大型超市中挑选琳琅满目的全谷物食品。经济日报记者 沈 慧摄

浙江省上虞区华维文澜小学几位学生展示粗粮午餐。 (资料图片)

民以食为天,食以安为先。剖析食品安全问题,在近日举行的促进三农创新发展高峰论坛上,国家发展改革委农村经济司原司长高俊才归结为两个字:“多”和“少”

所谓“多”,即食品添加剂、农药等有害成分多,食用后对身体不利;所谓“少”,即对谷物等食品过度加工导致有益成分减少,进而影响身体健康。

“事实上这也是广义的食品不安全。”高俊才强调。

过度加工,也影响食品安全

由于追求味道和观感而对食物过度加工,既浪费资源又流失了大量营养素,还容易诱发心脑血管疾病、糖尿病等诸多慢性病

高俊才的担忧并非毫无根据。中国粮油学会食品分会的一份资料显示,在我国,每年生产的大米、面粉80%以上为过度加工的精米、精粉。

“大米也好白面也罢,因为过度加工,米糠、麸皮都被去掉了,看上去吃得很精致,其实不然。”高俊才说,一味追求味道和观感而过度加工,既浪费粮食又流失了大量营养素,容易诱发心脑血管疾病、糖尿病等诸多慢性病。

既然如此,怎样才能吃得饱又吃得好?答案是:摄入一定量的全谷物。什么是全谷物?美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)食品标签中规定:配料中含有≥51%全谷物的食品才可以称为全谷物食品。我国虽然还没有统一的全谷物标志,但按照国家食品药品监督管理总局给出的解释,所谓全谷物即未经精细化加工,或是虽经碾磨但仍保留了完整谷物粒所具备的胚乳、谷胚、谷皮和糊粉层的谷物。常见的全谷物包括糙米、全麦、黑米、大麦、青稞、玉米、小米、黄米、燕麦、高粱、薏苡等禾本科谷物,也包括荞麦、藜麦等谷物类。

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