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我国轮作休耕面积达1200万亩 192个县市参与试点

2017-09-17 07:51:37   中国经济网

土地轮作休耕,是实现农业绿色发展的重要抓手。目前我国轮作休耕面积达1200万亩,比2016年增加584万亩,共涉及9个省区192个县市。《探索实行耕地轮作制度试点方案》颁布两年来,农业绿色发展有了新动力。“不种地,还给钱,过去想都不敢想。”农民兄弟发自肺腑称赞这项改革制度。

用地养地结合

面对资源压力和地力衰减,江苏省镇江市丹徒区五塘村自觉推行耕地轮作休耕制度已有数年。村支书陈云飞说,每年水稻收完后,村民们不是接着种小麦,而是整块地撒上红花草种子,来年春耕时就能变成上好的有机肥。“土壤改良了,水稻品质提高了,每亩地能比常规水稻多卖400元。”试点以来,全国轮作休耕试出了基本经验,初步实现了用地养地相结合的耕作模式。

黑龙江省把轮作任务集中安排在第三、四、五积温带的规模种植区域,根据农民意愿确定轮作地块。内蒙古阿荣旗将30万亩轮作任务集中在18个新型经营主体实施,并与粮食加工企业签订了20万亩的轮作高粱订单种植。

在轮作区,实行“一主”与“多辅”结合。“一主”,就是玉米与大豆轮作为主,发挥大豆根瘤固氮养地作用。“多辅”,就是实行玉米与薯类、杂粮杂豆、油料作物、蔬菜及饲草等作物轮作。在休耕区,实行保护与治理并重。河北地下水漏斗区实行“一季雨养、一季休耕”,休耕季种植绿肥,防止地表裸露。湖南重金属污染区大力开展治理式休耕,休耕、治理、培肥同步推进,形成了“休治培三融合”休耕模式。

按试点方案要求,一熟区的休耕和两熟区的一季休耕,每亩补助500元左右。两熟区的全年休耕,每亩补助800元左右,略高于土地流转费用。

深化农业绿色发展

轮作休耕,不是弃耕、废耕、撂荒。两年来,试点各地在严守耕地轮作休耕试点原则的同时,不断创新实施模式,在提高农业综合生产能力的同时,生态效益、经济效益、社会效益有机融合,互促互进,深化农业绿色发展。

生态环境改善。“环境明显好转了。”哈尔滨市双城区新民村岚显玉米种植专业合作社理事长吴岚显说,很高兴合作社的地能进入东北黑土地保护试点。

种植结构优化。2016年全国籽粒玉米面积调减3000多万亩,大豆增加1000多万亩。预计2017年玉米面积调减2000万亩以上,缓解了玉米库存压力。

资源高效利用。河北省地下水漏斗区小麦休耕试点,平均每亩减少用水180立方米,共压减地下水开采3.2亿立方米。吉林省在东部冷凉区推行玉米大豆轮作,每亩节肥30%、节药50%左右。在西部易旱区推行玉米杂粮轮作,每亩节水1/3左右。

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