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王侠:把小农生产引入现代农业发展轨道

2017-09-15 07:26:47   中国经济网

当前,农业适度规模经营加快推进,但在相当时期内,以家庭经营为主的小农户仍是农业生产的重要力量。如何正确处理好小农生产与适度规模经营之间的关系,在我国人多地少、经营分散的基本国情农情下,探索农业现代化的有效路径,是十分紧迫和重大的课题。

小农生产与适度规模经营并存,将是长期的历史现象

首先,小农生产的存在具有历史必然性,是立足客观实际的理性选择。我国人多地少,各地资源禀赋不均衡,地区农业生产条件差异大,有些地方、有的零散地块,只能搞家庭经营、精耕细作。以农业大省四川为例,成都平原适合规模化经营,而其他地区特别是川西北、川西南的广大地区,山大沟深、土地零碎,很难进行集中连片大规模耕作,四川的情况在全国有一定代表性。在相当长一个时期内,小农生产仍将是我国农业生产经营的重要组织形式。

其次,小农生产是传统农耕文明的重要载体,为中华传统文化的孕育形成提供了重要经济基础。小农生产是中华传统文化产生和发展的经济基础,也是几千年农耕文明形成和发展的源泉。从一定意义上说,小农生产承载着中华民族的乡土情结,凝结着独特的文化基因和精神标识,在保持民族特色、传承文化传统、建设生态文明等方面发挥着不可替代的作用。

再次,小农生产具有重要的社会保障功能,在经济社会发展中发挥着“稳定器”的独特作用。在多种农村产业形态中,小农生产经济规模不大,劳动使用方式灵活,适应不同地区的农村生产力发展水平。随着我国工业化、城镇化的深入推进,大量农民转移到城镇就业,对广大农民来说,土地既是重要的保障,又是可靠的退路。小农生产在一定意义上有利于缓解工业化、城镇化进程带来的社会冲击,降低工业化、城镇化成本,为我国经济社会平稳发展提供广阔的回旋余地和有力支撑。

总之,在新的历史条件下推进中国特色农业现代化,必须要立足我国基本国情农情,尊重农业生产的客观规律,坚持因地制宜、分类施策,宜大则大,宜小则小,一切从实际出发,不搞一刀切。

加大扶持力度,引导小农生产进入现代农业发展轨道

农业是弱质产业,离不开政策扶持,小农生产更是如此。总的看,当前小农生产面临的主要困难和问题是:对小农生产的政策扶持较少,精准性不够,一些地方存在人为“垒大户”“造盆景”的倾向;针对小农生产的社会化服务比较欠缺,特别是农产品销售、储运、加工以及农业信贷、保险等服务滞后;农业基础设施建设相对滞后,运营管护不到位,冷链物流设施不健全;小农自身存在的生产规模小、要素集聚能力弱、抗风险能力差、缺少技能等,难以适应农业生产发展要求。

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