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北京发布第一个“自杀预防自救准则”
2017-09-07 17:41:56 中国青年网
9月10日是第15个世界预防自杀日,今年的主题是“用您一点时间,挽救一个生命”。北京心理危机研究与干预中心和北京回龙观医院昨天首次公开北京市心理援助热线运行15年数据并发布“自杀预防及干预自救准则”:要重视不要忽视;要讨论不要躲避;要理解不要说教;要帮助不要刺激;要陪伴不要独处;要保护不要隐瞒;要治疗不要等待。
今年是北京市心理援助热线开通运行的第15年,这条国内唯一24小时全免费心理援助服务热线已为29万多人次提供了心理咨询服务。据统计,来电者以中青年居多,55岁以上的来电者仅占3.6%,男性略多于女性,占55.5%。各种人际关系问题和各类精神心理问题排在来电求助第一位,在所有因为自己问题求助的来电者中,超过50%具有不同程度的自杀风险。15年来热线共接听并处理高危来电1万多例,且自2015年起,高危来电比例不断上升,由之前每年接听总量的5%上升至11%。
北京心理危机研究与干预中心一直致力于自杀的预防、研究、干预及培训合作工作。据统计,我国自杀率显著下降,20年前的自杀率超过20/10万,2012年降至8.7/10万,2014年继续下降至6.6/10万,目前已经低于世界平均水平;女性自杀率显著下降且低于男性,但相比西方国家仍然偏高;农村自杀率仍高于城市,但差距在缩小。目前对自杀危险因素的研究有了更为明确的结论:女性、农村居民、年长者自杀风险更高,精神疾病是最主要的风险因素,生活事件、人格特征也是重要的危险因素,自杀工具易获得导致自杀行为得以实施,同时目前的证据证明,面向全部人群开展的自杀预防工作即一级预防,可以降低自杀率,所以对公众的宣传和科学引导,是自杀预防工作的重要内容。(于明山)
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