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孕妇选择顺产还是剖腹产?医生指导评估最重要

2017-09-06 16:20:40   中国青年网

近日陕西一待产孕妇跳楼身亡事件引起社会关注。对于孕妇究竟选择是顺产还是剖腹产,北京某妇产医院专家表示,孕妇选择顺产还是剖腹产,不是由个人或家庭决定,最重要的是需要通过医生指导评估后决定,而且对于是否选择剖腹产,是有剖腹产专家共识作为指南参考。

北京某妇产医院丁新主任医师表示,根据几年前国家卫计委数据显示,我国的剖腹产率已经比较高,有的地方已经达到了60%,甚至更高。对于是顺产好还是剖腹产好,丁新表示,一般肯定是顺产好,产后恢复较快。剖腹产虽然当时相较容易,但是后期容易出现盆腔粘连、再次妊娠容易造成瘢痕妊娠造成大出血,危及生命等多种问题。所以剖腹产一般建议2年后再妊娠。

当然,对于孕妇是该顺产还是剖腹产,不是一开始由孕妇以及家属决定,而是需要医生对其进行指导评估。这个评估不仅仅在产前,产中,产程末期也会有。

对于是否选择剖腹产的评估,丁新说,医生会参照剖腹产专家共识指南。当然还有医生专家的经验等。比如共识里会有一些中央性前置胎盘、高血压等,都是需要选择剖腹产的。

而对于有的说巨大儿、高龄孕妇是一定要选择剖腹产,丁新表示,这也不能绝对,主要看产妇身体状况,有的产妇就是巨大儿依旧能顺产,而有些孩子过小的,则需要剖腹产,不少高龄产妇也都能够顺产,这都需要根据实际情况,具体检查评估决定。

当然有些产妇,因是试管婴儿,或者存在多次流产后再妊娠,医院也会考虑这些因素选择剖腹产,丁新说。

并非所有产妇都能无痛分娩

生孩子一定会痛得死去活来吗?法制晚报-看法新闻记者了解到,许多医院已经推行了无痛分娩,比如北京某妇产医院去年医院共接产14778例孕产妇,超5成选择无痛分娩。

所谓无痛分娩,是依赖“可行走的”硬膜外镇痛技术。在人体背部的椎管内有两个腔隙,分别是硬膜外腔和蛛网膜下腔,支配产痛的神经通路就聚集在此。将低浓度、小剂量的局麻药或阿片类药物(用药量通常是剖宫产麻醉用量的十分之一)注入硬膜外腔达到缓解疼痛的目的,并不影响产妇运动功能。硬膜外镇痛包括腰-硬联合镇痛等锥管内镇痛技术已经相当成熟,成为无痛分娩所流行的镇痛方式。

北京某妇产医院主任医师阮焱介绍,国内外研究反复证实,硬膜外镇痛对胎儿不会造成不良影响,也不会影响产妇正常分娩。她表示,分娩时,产痛剧烈如果影响到产妇正常呼吸,可能导致胎儿面临宫内窘迫的话,可采用无痛分娩,进而降低此风险。

但是并非所有产妇都能选择硬膜外镇痛,其禁忌包括头盆不称、骨盆异常、胎儿窘迫、胎盘早剥、前置胎盘等。北京某妇产医院麻醉科主治医师张青林介绍,孕产妇提出无痛要求后,会有医生对其进行评估,符合条件方能进行镇痛,“大部分情况下都是可以的。”

北京某妇产医院麻醉科主任徐铭军介绍,去年全年,妇产医院超5成孕产妇选择无痛分娩。在这近1.5万例孕产妇中,76.8%为高危妊娠。他表示,越是高危,在符合条件的情况下,越主张进行无痛分娩,这对产妇本身起到一定保护作用。

当然,对于无痛分娩是否意味着什么疼痛或者一点风险也都没有,丁新表示,不能这么绝对解释,无痛分娩产程或产后也可能存在一些意外或问题。

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