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海王星和天王星上或有数百万克拉钻石

2017-09-02 08:21:31   中国经济网

据最新一期英国《自然·天文学》杂志发表的一份研究论文,海王星和天王星上可能有数百万克拉钻石。

德国HZDR研究中心、美国加州大学伯克利分校等多家机构参与的这项研究通过模拟这两颗行星上的钻石形成过程得出上述结论。

研究人员用超强X射线和激光制造出两个冲击波,让冲击波穿透聚苯乙烯。第二个冲击波比第一个大和快。当两个冲击波叠加在一起,使聚苯乙烯受到大约1500亿帕斯卡尔巨大压力和5000摄氏度高温作用时,聚苯乙烯中碳氢结构发生断裂,几乎所有碳原子结晶为纳米大小的钻石。研究人员把形成这些极微小钻石的过程比作“下了一场钻石雨”。

像海王星和天王星这样的行星内部由包裹在厚厚“冰层”中的一个硬核构成。“冰层”的主要成分是碳氢化合物、水和氨。长期以来,天文物理学家一直猜测行星内部的巨大压力使碳氢结构断裂,碳原子形成钻石,钻石沉入硬核深处。如今,实验室里造出的“钻石雨”证明了这个猜测。

虽然这场“钻石雨”下的时间连一秒都不到,但研究人员可以据此推测出海王星和天王星上会形成大得多的钻石,这些钻石会历经几千年沉到行星核心。

据英国《泰晤士报》报道,海王星和天王星上的钻石重量可达几百万克拉。新华社 2017.8.23 文/欧飒

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