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破解制造业瓶颈:“精准培养”技工人才

2017-08-31 07:41:06   中国经济网

【知与行】

作者:刘福成(安徽财经大学教授)

孟祥光(蚌埠市人力资源和社会保障局局长)

有效培养技工人才,是破解我国制造业发展瓶颈的关键问题。近年来,我国技工人才队伍建设取得了积极进展,但仍存在一些突出问题亟待解决,迫切需要推动人才培养模式的全面革新。

技工人才培养模式亟须转型升级

培养方向偏离市场需求。据测算,我国高级技工占产业工人比例仅为5%左右,高级技工缺口近1000万人,技工人才短缺现象愈加凸显。同时,现有技工人才队伍在结构上呈现出“三多三少、一稀缺”特征,即低级多、高级少,大龄多、青年少,单一技能多、复合技能少,新兴产业技工严重缺乏。上述结构性矛盾,反映了当前技工人才培养模式尚无法有效满足市场需求。

供需矛盾短期难以解决。根据教育部《制造业人才发展规划指南》对“中国制造2025”制造业十大重点领域人才需求预测,现阶段技工人才总缺口高达3000万。《技工教育“十三五”规划》显示,截至“十二五”期末,全国技工院校2545所,技师学院434所,年招生数量121万人,高级工班以上在校生比例34.2%。上述数据显示:未来市场技工人才供需缺口可能还会继续扩大。

培养资源缺乏有效协同。近十年来,在全国中等职业院校进行规模性撤销或合并过程中,包括类似粮食学校、纺织技校、煤矿技校、机电技校、食品学校等凸显行业特色的中职院校呈现办学弱化趋势甚或完全退出。同时,校企培养资源有效协同不足,双方需求无法有效对接。此外,政府扶持性项目过于宽泛和分散,针对性和实效性不强。

配套政策体系不健全。当前,技工人才的职务晋升、职称评定、培训学习、薪酬和福利待遇等诸多方面,仍广泛存在一些显性或隐性的歧视性政策。同时,职业院校的应用型师资队伍建设、招生改革、财政补助、就业扶持等方面还需要进一步加大政策的倾斜力度。

技工人才培养模式转型升级的方向是精准化

从国际先进经验来看,精准化培养凸显了人才培养的针对性,即重点突出、发力精准、标准明确的培养模式,可以更好地满足快速变化市场环境下的企业对专业化技工人才的需求。政府通过科学谋划和有效的政策行动,加大人力资本投入,引导形成社会共识,激发校企互促共赢的动力,在“十三五”期间实现我国技工人才精准化培养模式的构建目标,完全可为之。

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