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糖链植物疫苗开启绿色农业上应用梦

2017-08-25 10:51:49   中国经济网

2017年8月18日,CCTV2《创业英雄会》上,一位生物学博士的创业项目路演,将一个陌生而有趣的名词带到了我们眼前:“植物疫苗,糖链植物疫苗”,一个可以吃的生物农药。节目播出后,“植物疫苗”的百度指数暴涨13倍,微信指数暴涨6倍。为此我们特别专访了曹海龙博士:“中央台节目播出后,我的微信都被加满了,其实糖链植物疫苗的理念提出和应用研发都源于我的导师杜昱光老师”。

近年来,植物疫苗作为一种新型的生物农药,由于其具有提高植物自身抗病性、减少化学农药的使用等优点,在我国农业生产中发挥越来越重要作用。而植物疫苗被广泛认可的背后,是大量科研人员二十多年来的不懈努力和辛勤付出。

中国科学院过程工程所、生化工程国家重点实验室研究员杜昱光(原中国科学院大连化学物理研究所天然产物与糖工程课题组组长),自1996年开始将自己的研究重点放在具有植物免疫调节功能的糖类物质的研究中。在1996年先后启动的大连市科委、中国科学院“九五”重点项目及国家科技部“九五”科技攻关项目的支持下,带领科研团队在寡糖新型生物农药的研发领域开展创新性的工作,通过克服重重苦难,完成活性寡聚糖小试、中试工艺研究,开展了两年两地的标准化田间药效学实验,于2000年工业化试车成功,获得农业部新农药登记证(LS 20001432),率先在国际上实现了寡糖生物农药的产业化。同年,完成了国家科技部“九五”科技攻关项目的科技成果鉴定。

在利用氨基寡糖素生物农药防治植物病虫害的研究过程中,杜昱光老师敏锐的发现这一类活性寡糖在防治农作物病害的机理方面可能不同于传统的农药,它们的杀菌活性和抑菌活性很低,但在农作物遭受病原微生物侵染前使用却可以大大提高植物的抗病性。通过参考国内外学者的相关文献,杜昱光老师判断寡糖是一种激发植物防御反应的诱导子。2001年和2002年,分别在中科院应用研究与发展重点项目和国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)(2002AA245131)项目“寡糖诱导植物防御反应及其抗病毒新农药研制”的支持下,杜昱光老师带领研究团队从寡糖信号分子的结构、功能及生物防卫系统基因表达调控等深入研究寡糖诱导调控植物防御反应的机制并获得大量的实验数据,为寡糖新型生物农药的研发提供了坚实的理论基础。

随着研究的不断深入,杜昱光老师发现寡糖这类物质在植物体中的功效与常规动物疫苗在动物体中的功效十分类似,“植物疫苗”的概念便在他的脑海中形成。一个新概念的提出,不仅需要科学理论的支持,还需要国内外同行的广泛认可。而恰好在同时期,中国农业科学院植物保护研究所邱德文老师认为,能够诱导植物产生免疫防御反应的物质可以称为“植物免疫诱导剂”。 2006年,杜昱光老师将“植物疫苗”的想法与邱德文老师进行了充分的交流后,二人一致认为“植物免疫诱导剂”就是“植物疫苗”。

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