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华中科技大学“本科转专科”新政争议

2017-08-24 08:07:03   中国经济网

■本报记者 彭德倩 徐瑞哲

在新学年即将开启之际,华中科技大学新规明确,对于本科学业成绩未达标而受到学籍警示处理,或因其他原因不能坚持正常学习者,将转入专科层次或退学。“本科转专科”新政引发网友讨论,也再次将关注点置于大学“出口”。

对于中国高等教育,“进了大学就进了保险箱”的看法鲜有改变,这也是不少人担忧本科教育质量的根源所在。在招考机制不断完善的今天,大学如何“严进严出”?在尝试改变过程中,还有哪些困惑和探索?

跟国外大学比“尺子”

与此次“本转专”相比,12年前上海大学一批共71名学生因成绩不及格被退学而激发的讨论热度丝毫不逊色。当时退学的学生并非突然收到通知,根据学校全面实施“学分制”规定,他们在学习未达要求后,均相继收到三次“学业警告”,以及最后一次“试读”机会,仍未达标者,才进入“退学”流程。

纵观其他高校,每年也有极小部分学生因学习未达要求被要求退学。2013年起,复旦大学进一步明确对此类“未达标”学生的管理规定,至今每年有约3至6名学生在此列。

说起大学的“严出”,海外高校数据常被用来比对。2005年,上海大学“71人退学”发生后,有人认为,这个数字还未达到学校当时每届6000名学生数量的2%,淘汰率远低于国外研究型大学每年5%到10%左右的数字。

游学美国近距离观察后,北京大学考试研究院院长秦春华表示,美国大学实行完全弹性学制,学生可以在4年或更短或更长的时间内完成学业,包括创业在内的各种原因都可延长学习年限。数据显示,即使哈佛大学精挑细选的大学生,入校后6年内的毕业率只是97%,8年内毕业率才达99%;斯坦福大学的数据则为95%和96%;芝加哥大学比例更低,为93%和94%。尽管这些毕业率数据和清华、北大等中国一流名校其实相差不多,但要知道,国内几乎所有高校的四年毕业率均在95%以上。可以说,基本上是“能进就能出”,这把尺子或许宽了点。

“中国高校袋口应扎得更紧些”这一观点被普遍认同。严把出口关,关系人才信誉、高校教学提升,不只是名校的事,更需要所有高校共同抬高标尺,创造与高考前端相对应的另一种“教育公平”。

有趣的是,对于中外高校在毕业率上的差异,业内观点并不统一。一种看法认为,进一步加大淘汰率,能有效提升学习自觉性;也有观点认为,两者招考体制不同,管理机制不同,盲目模仿可能陷入尴尬。举例来说,国外不少高校可以做到延期相当长的时间,让学生完成全部学分,而国内高校在教育资源有限的情况下,这一时限可能较短。

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