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互联网金融纳入MPA需“量体裁衣”

2017-08-16 06:43:33   中国经济网

日前,央行发布《中国区域金融运行报告(2017)》,提出要“探索将规模较大、具有系统重要性特征的互联网金融业务纳入宏观审慎管理框架,对其实行宏观审慎评估(MPA),防范系统性风险”。

这是央行首次提出将互联网金融业务纳入MPA。可见,互联网金融在我国金融市场中扮演的角色已愈发重要,部分互联网金融业务已具有系统重要性影响,需要防范顺周期波动和风险的跨市场传染。

在将原本针对商业银行的MPA运用于互联网金融业务之前,还有一个问题需要厘清,即纳入MPA的互联网金融业务具体指的是什么业务?从《报告》来看,纳入MPA的互联网金融业务要“规模较大、具有系统重要性”,因此,对互联网金融业务的规模和系统重要性实行量化并建立标准就成了关键因素。同时,与传统金融业务相比,互联网金融业务的相关标准是否要区别对待也是需要考虑的问题。

此外,《报告》将互联网金融的主要业务模式分为三类,即传统金融互联网化、互联网企业金融化、传统金融机构与互联网金融企业融合发展。其中,传统金融互联网化是指传统金融机构借助互联网技术,实现的是从实体到网络、从线下到线上的转变。在这一模式中,互联网金融业务是互联网技术嫁接在传统金融机构之上的一蔓新枝。

在后两种模式中,互联网企业则独立于传统金融机构之外成为一股不可小觑的新生力量。这些企业利用自身技术优势或纷纷布局第三方支付、网络借贷、众筹融资平台,以及大数据征信等,或越来越多地选择向传统金融机构输出技术以寻求共赢。

如此看来,互联网金融业务还兼具金融创新的复杂性和跨行业渗透性。因此,不同模式下的互联网金融业务以何种标准纳入MPA亟待明确。

综上可见,将哪些互联网金融业务纳入MPA存在着诸多需要考量的因素。这就意味着,针对各类金融机构的同类型创新业务需要执行统一的管理标准,但对互联网金融等创新业务,则需要“量体裁衣”制定专项管理标准。同时,对没有纳入MPA的互联网金融业务也需要通过其他机制予以监管。只有对互联网金融业务实施全方位、有层次的监管,才能杜绝灰色地带的产生,使互联网金融业务在有效监管之下安全发展。

(《农村金融时报》供稿)

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