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解好孝亲这道“爱的方程式”

2017-08-07 07:35:24   中国经济网

中国经济社会发展到当前这个阶段,可以尽可能地兼顾各种目标,如社会保障、人情伦常、家庭幸福、生态环境等,让人更从容一些

独生子女一代该如何迎接即将到来的老龄化社会?这是一个问题。尤其是在这样一个流动的时代,与父母在一起有时候只能是奢望。年迈的父母生病时,无疑十分需要子女陪护,而许多在外拼搏的子女们“有心而无假”。如何解开这道“爱的方程式”,是时代给我们出的考题。

从现实生活看,一张请假条或许也能给出一个临时解决方案。但在制度上想想办法,或许可以让这个社会更从容一些。最近,《重庆市实施〈中华人民共和国老年人权益保障法〉方法(修订草案)》提交二次审议时,提出独生子女护理住院父母最高可享10天“护理假”,这让不少人感到欣慰。实际上,此前已有福建、湖北、河南、广西、四川等5个省份出台了类似规定,子女护理假短则3天,长则20天。各地纷纷就这个问题立法,说明很多人都看到了设置这个假期的现实意义。

一项假期政策的规定,戳中无数人柔软的心,无疑是瞄准了社会的痛点。然而,这个美好的图景要想照进现实,还会面临不少阻碍。从以往的经验看,带薪休假这样的政策规定,能不能从“纸面权利”变成实实在在的可用权利,还要打个问号。纵观一些地方的规定,有建议性的,也有不乏强约束力的。究竟该以多大的力度去推动这项规定的落地,人们看法不一。福建在出台“护理假”时,设置了法律责任,用人单位违反规定将面临2000元以上20000元以下罚款,企业还将被列为工资支付行为失信单位,受到重点监管。强力要求落实假期固然会起到一定的作用,但仅仅出台监管和保障机制,将压力转嫁给企业,“一罚了之”,恐怕也非良策。

现代社会的一个重要特征,就是人们的角色具有多样性,因此社会治理也应该做多维度的考量,追求综合效益。子女陪护父母的伦理需求应当想办法满足,但也不能完全不顾及企业的经济利益,关键是把握好平衡。这样的普遍性问题需要系统性解决,如人社、劳动等部门能否协力落实,企业微观管理机制能否留有休假空间,政府是否给落实企业以适当奖励或补贴等,都是影响孝亲氛围及其实现可能的重要因素。

事实上,彻底解开人们在“子女护理假”问题上的纠结,需要重新审视社会发展的内涵。因为它虽然对独生子女来说显得十分急迫,但并非他们的特定需求,非独生子女家庭也有同样的需要。做出一项新的制度安排,固然要衡量社会成本,但不能忘了,养老和孝亲本质上不是经济账,而是亲情账、文明账。更何况,中国经济社会发展到当前这个阶段,社会物质财富已积累了相当的实力,可以尽可能地兼顾各种目标,如社会保障、人情伦常、家庭幸福、生态环境等。我们追求的发展,不应是单一目标型的,而该是多维目标型的;在亲情与工作、家庭与社会之间,没必要陷入非此即彼的思维陷阱。我们可以在观念上有所进步,现实也允诺了一些改善空间,比如“全面两孩”政策实施以来,全国已有30个省(区、市)延长了产假,社会反响很不错。

社会的发展,最终要体现为生活品质的提高,比如密切的家庭互动、有机的社区关系、良好的社会保障等。当前,我国经济社会发展处于深刻的转型期,而保持有温度的生活方式,有助于人们应对这样的社会变迁。解好了孝亲这道“爱的方程式”,纾解了人们心头“忍不住的关怀”,社会转型的压力可能也就大大减少了。

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