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日匠人22年研究 复活中国失传700年“曜变天目釉”

2017-06-21 14:14:48   中国日报网

原标题:日本匠人22年潜心研究复活中国失传700年的“曜变天目釉

中国日报网6月21日电瓷器中的瑰宝、有“碗中宇宙”之称的“曜变天目釉”已经失传700余年。据日本《朝日新闻》19日报道,日本匠人长江惣吉22年潜心研究,成功再现了“曜变天目”的绚丽斑斓。近日,长江惣吉在爱知县濑户市举办“曜变”展览,展现他22年来的烧造成果。

一个茶盏,换一座城

天目盏,是一种茶器,一只顶级的天目盏,据说可以换一座城池。有人说“南宋时期的曜变天目,光环的颜色会变幻不定,妖异瑰奇得不像是人间之物”。凝视一只精致的曜变天目盏,恍如一片星空,繁星点点,神秘莫测……令人心潮起伏。

长江惣吉2006年复制的“曜变天目”

世界有明确记载仅存的三件曜变天目盏都产自南宋期间,现在全部收藏于日本,均被列为日本国宝。

失传700多年

“曜变天目釉”烧制技艺是中华陶瓷文化中最为神秘的一部分,但由于种种历史原因已经失传700多年。

当代日本、中国的陶瓷科学家、技艺师都想仿制,但终因工艺难度太大,不可控因素太多,均未能取得满意的结果。新中国成立后,政府投入大量资金、人力、物力进行研究,虽然取得一些喜人的成绩,但从产品的多样性和稳定性上还不尽如人意。

子承父业,再现耀斑

长江惣吉出生于烧窑世家,从江户时代到现在已经是第9代传人。他的父亲生前就一直致力于复活失传的曜变天目。1995年父亲去世后,惣吉继承了父亲的事业,他说曾经认为再现天下第一的茶器、是不可能的事,为此和父亲反目过,知道父亲去世后通过母亲才理解了父亲的苦心。

长江惣吉

1996年长江惣吉拜访了曾经复原出曜变釉的福建建窑,并带回一些陶片。此后他又28次访问中国,带回近80吨原料。

通过研究,他发现茶盏内壁的耀斑,并不是偶然烧制而成的,而是使用了一种名为“萤石”的矿石生成酸性气体,从而产生了化学反应。他的父亲就曾经采用酸性气体的方法烧制。而他在建窑曾经目睹烧制到1300度以后再冷却时,投入萤石而产生酸性气体,形成绚烂的耀斑。

长江惣吉2016年复制的“曜曜盏”

此次展览的30件作品,是长江惣吉1998年以后烧制的,其中两件“曜变天目”为2006年所制。他指出,曜变釉并未使用特殊的土。在冷却过程中的细微差别,导致了曜变釉不同的色彩和斑纹。

长江惣吉表示,目前的作品还是入门阶段,远不及真正“曜变天目”茶盏的光彩夺目。将会继续研究实践,努力再现历史原物的同时,开展属于自己的创作。

责任编辑:孙启浩 CN037
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