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港媒:美籍华商20年中美经商足迹 中美角色正在逆转

2017-06-13 01:18:39   参考消息

参考消息网6月13日报道 港媒称,作为一名商人,美籍华人潘承建(音)过去把中国生产的肥皂和洗发水卖给美国消费者,但现在他正准备反其道而行之。

据香港《南华早报》网站6月11日报道,现年60岁的潘先生1997年在上海开办了一家小工厂,在长达17年的时间里根据自己的配方向国外出口个人护理产品。但大陆的成本上涨导致他在2015年卖掉了这家厂,现在他准备在加利福尼亚州洛杉矶附近开一家新厂,把美国生产的洗发水和其他产品销往中国。

资料图片:东莞松山湖大连机床集团智能研发中心,以新技术为支撑的“智能生产”正在逐步取代“汗水车间”。新华社发

潘先生的经历反映了近年来美国和中国经济发生的深刻变化。中国从工厂基地转型为消费市场,而制造业近几十年来被掏空的美国则开始重整旗鼓。新上任的美国总统特朗普把发展制造业作为一个当务之急。

报道称,潘先生出生于陕西省西安,上世纪80年代被一家国有企业派驻洛杉矶。他在20世纪90年代初申请了美国公民身份,并在美国建立了自己的品牌“Panrosa”(攀柔莎)。

上世纪90年代末,当他以“美国商人”的身份回到中国时,他发现这个国家正急于融入世界市场,这为他提供了一个极好的机遇。

尽管1997年底的亚洲金融危机带来了一些冲击,那一年他在上海建立了自己的工厂,中国的出口也开始腾飞。从1994年到2005年期间,中国政府将人民币兑美元汇率保持在8.3左右,这让中国产品在美国超市里变得颇具竞争力。中国的劳动力也很便宜,中国还把境外投资者视为贵宾。

2017年5月潘承建在广州的广交会上表示:“这真的是个好时光。”他以前也参加过广交会,但这是他首次以进口商的身份参加这一展会。

报道称,据世界银行统计,2003年中国的出口增长率超过了20%,是世界平均水平的5倍。

然而蜜月期渐渐走到了尽头。到2008年的时候,廉价中国出口产品的日子显然已经一去不复返。随着农村地区剩余劳动力的供给日渐枯竭,劳动力成本开始急剧上升,政府不再提供廉价土地和税收优惠待遇,金融危机抑制了美国和欧洲市场对中国产品的需求。

报道称,在中国最发达的城市上海,像潘先生这样的工厂不再享受优先权。他追随其他许多制造商的脚步,进一步向内陆地区发展,那里的成本要低一些。2011年他在附近的江苏省购地建厂。但情况变得越来越糟。自2005年以来人民币兑美元汇率一直在升值,到2013年的时候接近顶峰,监管和劳动力成本也在迅速上涨。

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