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专家:恢复高考40年最大社会意义是抵制"走后门"

2017-06-04 19:32:33   中国之声

(原标题:社会学家李强:恢复高考40年最大社会意义是抵制“走后门”)


李强资料图

李强,恢复高考后的78级考生,著名社会学家。现任中国社会学会会长、清华大学民生经济研究院院长,博士生导师。清华大学首任社会科学学院院长。长期关注中国社会分层与社会结构问题,是中国社会分层研究领域的权威。

李强:

“中国是个人情社会,如果不用高考的分数去衡量,就会有无数的办法“找关系”、“走后门”,使得无法公平公正选拔人才。1977年恢复高考到现在,尽管我们说高考有很多缺点,不能综合性考察人才。但它在一件事情上,做到了公平公正。就是,全体中国人在考分面前,人人平等。这个对中国社会意义特别巨大。”

恢复高考前,“学好数理化,不如有个好爸爸”

1966年,文革爆发。在那个"怀疑一切,打倒一切"的狂热年代里,高考制度也没能幸免。从1966年1972年的6年间,除北京大学、清华大学等少数高等学校试点招收少量工农兵学员外,高等学校的招生工作几近停滞。

1972年,高校全面恢复招生,实行“自愿报名、群众推荐、领导批准、学校复审”的招生原则。给予“具有两年以上实践经验的优秀工农兵”推荐资格。同时,应届高中生,或者进厂务工,或者下乡劳动,失去直接升学的机会。

李强:所谓“推荐”,根本没有标准,全凭领导一句话。这就导致了在很多地方,谁有关系谁就可以上大学,上大学更是成为干部子女的一项特权,当时流传着“学好数理化,不如有个好爸爸”的说法。"工农兵"被推荐到大学,最主要的目的并不是学习,而是"上大学、管大学、用毛泽东思想改造大学",简称"上、管、改"。这种本末倒置的指导思想,使大学教育走上了严重的形式化、政治化。而在"不让一个阶级兄弟掉队"的指导思想下,所有教学都得照顾班上最差的同学,而推荐学员的最低文化要求仅仅是初小文化,也就是刚刚达到脱盲水平,许多大学为此不得不"大学变小学"。

《我的1977》这本书,记录了陈建功、周国平、等近二十位在77、78级参加高考的文化精英撰写的回忆文章,真实地记录了他(她)们1977年高考的个人入学经历,见证了那个年代的历史。书中有这样一段:

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