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女作家自杀,少女时代"性侵阴影"有多深?

2017-05-08 09:38:01   新京报

正是因为侵害人与受害人在同一职场、朋友圈甚至家庭内部,所以受害人报案会给她们带来更大人际交往压力。

才华横溢的女作家林奕含在前几日自缢身亡,并意外曝光背后的原因竟然与多年前曾经遭受补习班老师诱奸相关,引发了舆论热议。

林奕含在今年2月刚刚出版了首部热销长篇小说《房思琪的初恋乐园》,小说描述了13岁女主角房思琪被补习班老师性侵最终发疯的故事。她自杀后,出版社公开了林奕含父母的一份声明,其中谈到“奕含这些日子以来的痛苦,纠缠着她的梦魇,也让她不能治愈的主因,不是忧郁症,而是发生在8-9年前的诱奸”,证实了林奕含自己其实就是小说中女主角的原型。

祸起少女时代

一个26岁的女作家,或因少女时代曾经的遭遇,留下了难以愈合的心理创伤,并最终选择自缢身亡,这件事不仅是女作家个人的悲剧,也同样反映了像她一样曾经遭遇过诱奸或是性侵,却依然沉默的大多数受害人的创伤和痛苦。林奕含通过小说表达了她曾经的遭遇,可能更多的受害人没有机会,也没有途径表达她们的遭遇,依然沉默地独自忍受和承受难以愈合的创伤和痛苦。

事实上,一个社会的性犯罪远比报道所披露出来的要普遍和严重得多。相比于其他犯罪,性犯罪的受害人绝大多数都没有选择报案。美国有研究者针对强奸犯罪报案率做过仔细、系统的研究得出结论,强奸犯罪是所有自然犯罪里报案率最低的犯罪之一。据估计,即使在美国这样有着完善性侵立法的社会里,也大约有84%的强奸受害人没有选择报警。

从林奕含所遭受的事件为例,她在少女时代遭遇补习班老师的诱奸,这里面所涉及的几个关键因素是受害人难以选择报案而令其保持缄默的主要原因。

熟人作案机会大

其实,大多数诱奸、性侵事件的侵犯人是受害人的熟人。正是因为侵害人与受害人在同一职场、朋友圈甚至家庭内部,所以受害人报案会给她们带来人际社交的压力,可能会在社交圈内感受到被排斥或者贬损性评价,甚至损害一些重要的人际关系。

研究表明,与人们通常认为性侵是嫌疑人寻求性欲的满足不同,性侵犯罪主要并不是因为难以控制的性欲驱使下的冲动犯罪,而是为了获取权力和实施暴力。所以,大多数此类案件发生在权力者与弱势受害人之间。补习班老师相对于还是未成年少女的林奕含具有明显的不平等的权力结构。

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