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我国老龄化日趋严重,老年人腿脚不便,上下楼成了一大障碍。“上下楼时老人很容易跌倒,造成无法挽回的后果。”为了解决老人和残障人士“上楼累,下楼难”的问题,北京工业大学附属中学高一年级的王昱添设计了一款“自平衡爬楼轮椅”,用较低廉的价格解决了老年人的“爬楼”困境。这个设计在前不久举办的2017年北京青少年科技创新大赛上获得了一等奖。
自平衡实现安全爬楼
“姥姥、姥爷都已经80多岁了,家在山城重庆,本就地势起伏不平,又住在7层高的楼房内,平时上上下下、进进出出都很不方便。”王昱添很想为姥姥、姥爷生活质量的提高出一份力,看到地铁站的无障碍设施,他想到了以“爬楼轮椅”代步的方法。为此,他曾到网上商城查找爬楼轮椅,“价格太贵了,一把轮椅在5万元左右,这个价格相信很多家庭都难以承受。”此外,市面上的“爬楼轮椅”不少都只有爬楼功能,缺乏减震和必要的安全措施,这不仅让老人在体验上不那么舒适,更有可能对安全造成威胁。“为此,我想设计出一款保证舒适安全、尽可能多的实现老人需求,并且价格低廉的多功能轮椅,让它变成老人和残障人士的另一双腿,”王昱添说。
抱着这个想法,他参照坦克的运动原理,设计出了一款靠履带前行,并具有自平衡功能的“爬楼轮椅”。“借鉴了运动手环所采用的电子陀螺仪和加速度计,可以实时监测地面的夹角。这样一旦遇到倾斜或颠簸等情况造成的轮椅角度偏差,系统就会控制轮椅座位下方的两轴平衡系统进行调整。如果轮椅前倾,就往后拉;如果轮椅后倾,就往前推,这样就保证了基本的平衡。”王昱添解释,受轮椅大小的限制,完全平衡只能在一定角度内保证,“楼梯坡度在30度以内,可以保证座位水平;如果超出范围,也能做到基本平衡,偏差不会超过15度,保证至少不让人摔下来。”据他介绍,目前市面上的爬楼轮椅的攀爬角度约在25度之内,而他设计的新型爬楼轮椅则适用于更多的场合。
不怕突然停电或打滑
在实现了爬楼和自平衡的基本功能之后,王昱添开始为轮椅的舒适度和安全性考虑。“市面上的爬楼轮椅没有减震设计,‘硬邦邦’地运动,让人坐在上面很不舒服。”借鉴汽车或坦克的扭杆悬挂系统,王昱添设计了轮椅的减震器,对道路不平或坑洼带来的震动进行减震,确保出行的舒适度。
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