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光绪年间中小学教材啥样?语文超简单数学要算股票

2016-11-18 13:49:50   新民网

图说:上海中华书局印行的《新式国文教科书》。

一百年前小学生读的语文、算术教材难不难?是不是实用?放到现在来看,那些几成“古董”的老教材,还有没有可借鉴的价值?今天上海师范大学图书馆展出3000余册清光绪六年(1880)至民国初年的中小学教材,其中不少是孤本,极具史料研究价值。

“这里的老教材或许是最全、最珍贵的。”上师大图书馆副馆长蔡迎春说,馆内收藏了一批重要或有代表意义的教科书。1901年南洋公学第三次线装排印本《蒙学课本》,是中国近代最早自编小学教科书;10种36册《最新小学教科书》系列,是晚清时期出版的唯一一套完整和最有影响的小学教科书;商务印书馆1912年出版的《共和国新教科书》系列,是民国第一套最完整的教科书,馆藏了其中小学部分77册书。1904年至1906年商务印书馆出版的《最新初等国文教科书》,是我国近代第一套形式和内容都比较完善的新式小学国文教科书,馆藏全套10册;徐汇公学史学总教习史式徽编《世界历史课本》,1914-1916年印行,是我国最早、篇幅最大的中学世界历史课本,馆藏全套精装5册。此外,馆内还保存有一批较为珍贵的教育部送审本和批语本,这些教材的送审本中均有当时教育部的初审、复审批语和修改签条数页。

先看语文。用现在的教学目标来看,百年前的老教材实在“太简单”。比如,由上海中华书局印行的《新式国文教科书》,第一册共50篇课文,虽然比现行的沪版一年级上学期语文教材只多了10篇,但难度系数简直差了好几个“等量级”。其中第一课竟然只学一个字:“人”。课文上半部是一幅漫画,爸妈牵着穿学生装的孩子散步;下半部分是一个大大的“人”字。第二课学两个字:“口”“耳”。第三课学两个字:“山”“田”。第四课学两个字:“竹”“石”。第五课学三个字:“米”“水”“火”。最后一篇课文也简单得“不可思议”,总共16个字:“你读何书我读国文读完几本读完一本”。

图说:第二课学两个字:“口”“耳”。第三课学两个字:“山”“田”。

图说:最后一篇总共16个字:“你读何书我读国文读完几本读完一本”。

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