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男子玩水染上“食脑虫”罕见病 十几天后病逝

2016-10-16 14:56:09   人民网

原标题:男子染“食脑虫”十几天后不治 提醒:避免到池塘游泳

人民网北京10月16日电 据深圳电视台《第一现场》消息,很多人都听过血吸虫会吸附到人身上吸食人血,可你听过“食脑虫”吗?这种虫会侵入人的大脑,感染之后死亡率极高,听起来是不是很可怕呢?杨女士的丈夫何先生在染上这种病之后,离开了他深爱的家人……

今年8月14日,何先生和两个孩子在深圳一处景区玩水,19日何先生开始出现头痛咳嗽等症状,当时以为是感冒了。之后杨女士跟丈夫到浙江旅游,期间何先生感冒症状加重,就到当地医院进行治疗。21日开始病情加重转入神经内科,医生怀疑是化脓性脑膜炎,并且对何先生的脑脊液进行化验,但是这期间何先生逐步发展为脑疝和瞳孔放大,医生下了病危通知书。

眼看治疗无望,8月30日杨女士把丈夫转院到深圳市第三人民医院,但是遗憾的是,9月3日何先生最终不治身亡。伤心的杨女士认为丈夫的死跟之前去游玩的那个景点有关。但是何先生当时是跟两个孩子一起玩的水,为什么只有何先生发病,两个孩子却没事呢?

病历

那么到底这个阿米巴原虫,到底是什么呢?主要存在于哪里?通过哪种途径传播呢?记者从深圳市第三人民医院感染科了解到,何先生感染到的是自由生活阿米巴,阿米巴原虫生活于水、泥土或腐败有机物中,滋养体以细菌为主,人在江河湖塘中游泳或用被感染的水洗鼻子时,含纳格里阿米巴进入鼻腔,增殖后穿过鼻粘膜和筛状板,沿嗅神经上行入脑,侵入中枢神经系统,引起原发性阿米巴脑膜脑炎。阿米巴脑膜脑炎发病急骤,病情发展迅速。开始有头痛、发热、呕吐等症状,迅速转入瘫痪、昏迷,最快可在一周内死亡。这种病在中国仅报告有几例,所有病例无一例存活。虽然这种病比较可怕,但还是可以预防的,主要是市民要注意卫生,避免到污染的池塘或游泳池游泳。

另据羊城晚报此前报道,阿米巴原虫可致人死亡的事早在上世纪中期已被记录在案,但直到1965年以后人们才陆续发现这种阿米巴性脑膜脑炎,其病死率很高。目前已知由自由生活阿米巴引起的人脑膜脑炎有两类:原发性阿米巴脑膜脑炎和肉芽肿性阿米巴脑炎。所以阿米巴原虫才被称“食脑寄生虫”。

微观环境下观察到的“食脑虫”,图据羊城晚报

根据美国疾病防治中心的记录显示,在过去的50多年中,全美仅有133例感染阿米巴原虫的报告,其中有7例发生在加州,仅有3人幸存。疾病控制和预防中心提供的数据也显示,这种疾病上世纪60年代首次“现身”澳大利亚,全球感染病例至今不过数百例。

专家提醒,目前此病例预防缺乏有效措施,而且阿米巴原虫非常耐热,在温泉水中也能存活。所以预防感染的主要方法,就只能是不在不干净的河水、湖水、池塘水和温泉水中游泳、洗澡、洗脸,使用长期不流动的水管水时也要注意。一旦在游泳后出现头痛、呕吐、嗅觉异常、发热等可疑症状要立即就医。当然加强锻炼、注意营养、增强机体免疫力,也是很重要的预防手段之一。

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