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农村青少年肥胖比例快速增长 食育知识普遍缺乏

2016-07-25 04:31:59   京华时报

据新华社电相关研究显示,由于我国农村地区的青少年儿童食用越来越多高糖和高热量食品,肥胖比例呈快速增长。肥胖问题已非城里人和成年人的“专利”,农村青少年儿童正面临肥胖的侵袭。

一项由山东省预防疾病控制中心开展的为期29年的调查显示,从1985年至2014年,调查对象中超重男孩的比例从0.7%增至16.4%,超重女孩比例从1.5%增至近14%;肥胖男孩所占比例从0.03%增至17.2%,肥胖女孩比例从0.12%增至9.1%。此外,12岁以上年龄段的青少年肥胖问题更为严重。

而2015年,郑州一项针对1817名3-7岁农村儿童肥胖的调查显示,根据儿童肥胖标准,共筛检出肥胖儿童105名,肥胖率为5.78%。

记者采访发现,近年来,我国儿童肥胖发生率呈迅速上升趋势,不仅城市地区儿童超重和肥胖问题日益突出,农村地区问题也逐渐显现。

>>探因

山寨食品成“致胖”重要原因

不同于城市,农村的儿童肥胖,有其独特的原因。

首先,随着农民收入水平提高,农村的饮食结构发生了变化。传统的清淡饮食开始向高脂肪、高热量、低纤维方向转变。

“在农村,一些人觉得多吃油、多吃肉对身体好,有营养。”刘璐说,“此外,热量高的糕点和含糖饮料,也是诱发农村儿童肥胖的重要原因。”

记者调查发现,甜饮料、糕点在农村家庭很常见,成了孩子的主要零食。

与此同时,在不少农村小卖部,“奥利奥”变成了“奥和奥”,“营养快线”变成了“营养干线”。一些专家表示,用料低劣、着色剂滥用、添加剂超标的假冒伪劣食品,也是造成农村儿童肥胖的重要原因。

其次,农村健康营养知识匮乏。中国学生营养与健康促进会发布的《中国儿童少年营养与健康报告》显示,多数人不知道什么食物真正有营养,把鸡蛋卖了换方便面,用胡萝卜喂家禽。

调查发现,大部分农村小学生不知道什么食物含蛋白质丰富。因为不喜欢吃鸡蛋,许多学生把学校免费提供的鸡蛋去小摊点换零食。

郑州的一项调查显示:78.92%的农村家长知道哪些是高能量的食物,只有6.77%的家长会限制孩子喝饮料,2.75%的家长会限制孩子摄入过多的肉类食物。

“家长投其所好,孩子爱吃什么就买什么。许多家长以孩子不喜欢吃为由,放弃了培养孩子吃蔬菜、水果的饮食习惯,而选择了含糖饮料、油炸食品。”河南平舆县一名乡村教师说。

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