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曝2000吨阿胶或被掺假 原料混入猪皮马皮骡皮(图)

2016-01-26 04:42:41   北京晨报

原标题:阿胶原料被爆混入骡皮马皮

阿胶是传统的补血佳品。

业内人士:阿胶年总产量5000吨 按驴皮数量只能生产3000吨

寒意猛烈,也正是冬令进补的时节。作为传统的补血佳品,由驴皮熬制的阿胶尽管“名贵”,却深受欢迎。可你是否担心过:掏出不菲的钱款,买到的却是用牛、猪、马皮甚至工业用皮等原料熬制的伪劣阿胶?

业内人士指出,以原料驴皮供应计算,阿胶年产量应该只有实际销量的六成左右。这意味着,可能有近四成假冒原料混入了生产环节,化身为形形色色的“阿胶”产品,堂而皇之地在市场售卖。

疑点:“驴头不对马嘴”

这是一组耐人寻味却不耐推敲的数字:山东阿胶行业协会根据100多家阿胶生产企业的年生产量报表推算,阿胶年总产量至少在5000吨以上。

来自阿胶行业龙头企业东阿阿胶股份有限公司的市场监测数据显示,目前按中国市场阿胶销售量估算,需要驴皮400万张左右,而国内供应总量不足180万张。

据国家畜牧统计年鉴显示,我国驴存栏量已由上世纪90年代的1100万头,下滑到目前600万头,并且还在以每年约30万头的数量下降。

阿胶行业专业人士董书光介绍,按照每年正常出栏120万头计算,再加上驴皮进口因素,全年可生产的阿胶总数量也就在3000多吨。全年可供制胶的驴皮,只够实现当前产量的六成左右。

山东省农科院生物技术研究中心测序中心主任步迅说,由于驴繁殖难、周期长、见效慢、效益低以及规模化养殖困难,造成我国驴存栏量持续下降。供需矛盾导致驴皮价格逐年大幅攀升,原料驴皮价格每年以23%的速度增长。“一张驴皮价格2000元至3000元之间,而一张马、骡子皮才200元,猪皮和一些制作皮鞋、皮包剩下的下脚料就更便宜。”

采访中,多位业内人士告诉记者,受暴利驱使,一些厂家在阿胶原料中掺假的行为屡屡出现。由于价格相对低廉,这些伪劣阿胶产品通过贴牌或者散卖等形式,销售到偏远的县乡一级超市或药店,或者通过网络渠道打着低价的幌子销售。

董书光说,目前市面上药用和食用的阿胶产品主要有阿胶块、阿胶口服液、阿胶糕、阿胶枣等。这些产品鱼龙混杂,有的阿胶糕甚至根本不含阿胶成分。

难点:种类价格乱

“这些阿胶越煮越臭,能吃吗?”一名陈姓女士反映,她在当地乡镇一家药店买回的阿胶,熬出来的味道和颜色令人生畏,买回来却不敢吃。

阿胶属名贵中药,是山东特有的传统名品,全国九成以上的阿胶产自山东。中华中医药学会名医学术思想分会常务委员、中医师闫石说,药典明确规定,阿胶只能采用驴皮熬制,有补血滋阴润燥功效。其他动物毛皮熬胶功效各不相同,其中牛皮熬胶叫黄明胶,其功能与阿胶相似但效果次之,而用马皮熬制的“阿胶”效果恰恰相反,马皮药性下(行)血,“孕妇一旦食用后,极有可能导致流产。”

“驴骡、马骡的原料皮,在感官上和驴皮难以区别,容易被用来掺假。”步迅说,骡皮因有马的基因,所以也不能熬制阿胶。

据了解,目前市面上的阿胶产品种类杂乱,每公斤价格400元至4000元不等,价格相差甚远。

据山东阿胶行业协会统计,2010年前每张驴皮不足500元,2014年已突破1500元,2015年平均收购价格每张超过2600元。每张驴皮预计可生产阿胶1.5至2.5公斤阿胶,仅驴皮的成本就达到平均每公斤1200元以上。

“市场上低于成本价的阿胶,肯定不是纯驴皮熬制而成的正宗阿胶。”业内人士说。

业内人士指出,当前阿胶行业面临两个“鉴定难”,一是原料鉴定难,皮张混入骡子、马、牛、工业皮、屠宰场的下脚料皮等,传统鉴定方法受到挑战;二是产品鉴定难,掺假阿胶产品繁多,药典方法滞后,跟不上造假技术。

据新华社

责任编辑:孙启浩 cn037
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