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日本已掉队?日媒:G7仅日本工资低于2000年水平

2018-07-10 14:16:03    新华网

日媒称,在全球工资上涨的大环境下,日本似乎正在掉队。虽然大企业的加薪率连续4年超过2%,但在七大工业国(G7)中,只有日本的工资水平仍低于2000年时的水平。很多日本人缺乏工资上涨的实际感受。如此下去,日本摆脱通货紧缩的脚步也将放缓。日本亟待形成不受年功序列(论资排辈)和终身雇用等惯例束缚的工资体系。

据《日本经济新闻》网站7月9日报道,机器人接待客人,还负责货物搬运和清扫——日本旅游公司HIS运营的“奇怪酒店”仅由相当于同等规模酒店1/4的7个人来运营。该公司会长兼社长泽田秀雄表示,酒店通过提高生产效率,使得实现类似设施2倍以上的利润率成为可能。

报道称,在劳动力持续短缺的背景下,日本通过省人化投资来提升生产效率的举措相继涌现。按照经济学的理论,只要每名员工的生产效率提高,企业的盈利能力就将提高,而作为代价的工资也将提高。然而,在日本,这种生产效率和工资提高的关系正在出现异常。

据日本银行(央行)统计,最近5年里,日本劳动生产率提高了9%,不过,剔除物价波动影响后的实际工资涨幅仅为2%。

报道称,环顾世界,日本的工资水平已落于人后。据经济合作与发展组织(OECD)统计,从剔除物价影响后的实际工资(按各国货币计算)来看,在日、美、德等七大工业国中,只有日本处于比2000年还低的水平。在过去20年里,在保持通货紧缩的背景下,很多日本企业认为,“如果人工费提高,国际竞争力将下滑”(日本大型原材料企业负责人),因此一直不愿提高工资。

报道还称,制造业已经发展到了一个新的阶段,即不再比拼低价制造高品质产品的成本竞争力,而是比拼新的商业模式。工资也不再被看作成本,而是对创新的投资。

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