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美国商界团体呼吁国会加强对美贸易政策的监督

2018-06-20 13:06:01    新华网

新华社华盛顿6月19日电(记者 高攀)美国石油业协会、美国大豆协会、全国对外贸易理事会、全国零售商联合会等近60个美国商界团体日前共同呼吁国会加强对贸易政策的监督,重新平衡国会与行政部门管理贸易政策的权力。

根据全国对外贸易理事会19日发表的声明,上述商界团体18日给参议院财政委员会主席哈奇和众议院筹款委员会主席布雷迪写信,强烈支持这两个国会委员会加强对美国贸易政策的监督,迅速举行关于总统行使贸易相关权力的听证会,并考虑是否有必要修改现有授权,以加强国会在执行贸易政策方面的作用。

这些商界团体在信中说,作为广大美国制造商、零售商、科技公司、农民和农业企业以及其他供应链的利益攸关方代表,他们对美国政府越来越多地使用关税和进口配额手段解决贸易争端日益感到担忧。“行政部门单方面广泛使用关税”打破了国会和行政部门长久以来的权力平衡,而这种平衡在过去几十年有效地促进了美国经济增长,并为美国制造商、服务提供商和农牧民提供了更多出口机会。

他们指出,美国宪法明确规定国会有权管理对外贸易,并在关税领域明确了授权界限。当美国总统行使贸易授权时,国会议员有权依照法律和惯例对使用该项权力与政府进行有意义的磋商,并且磋商应在关税改变之前,而不是之后。美国历史证明,当这一权力平衡被打破时,广泛的国家利益将不可避免地受损。

他们警告,美国政府对进口钢铝产品征收的关税、即将对中国商品征收的关税以及对进口汽车及零配件的“232调查”可能导致的关税,将会提高美国生产成本,降低美国创新竞争力,拖累美国经济增长,伤害美国消费者和工人。美国贸易伙伴已开始对这些关税措施作出回应,目前已准备对美国出口的产品征收总计约900亿美元的关税。这些反制措施将进一步损害美国出口商利益,令数百万美国就业岗位受到威胁,并损害美国整体经济。

他们强调,美国与其贸易伙伴之间正在升级的贸易威胁和潜在的贸易战带来了巨大不确定性,美国政府加征的关税和贸易伙伴的报复性关税将损害美国经济,抵消税收改革带来的积极影响,并提高美国企业和家庭的成本。

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