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AI诊断皮肤癌精准度胜医生?专家:能超越但无法取代

2018-05-30 10:21:01   新华网

据外媒报道,人工智能(AI)技术一日千里,很多人类从事的工作未来可能会被人工智能取代。德国、法国与美国科学家的一项联合研究发现,人工智能诊断皮肤癌的能力首次超越皮肤科医生,有助加快诊断过程,帮助病人尽早对抗癌症,并降低正常的痣被误诊为癌症的风险。

报道称,科学家利用卷积神经网络(CNN)系统,制造出这项研究使用的人工智能系统。CNN模仿人类大脑神经细胞运作,使计算机能像人类肉眼一样,辨认眼前影像。累积的影像数量越多,人工智能的判断就越准确。

研究人员首先输入逾10万张图片,指引人工智能系统分辨良性与有潜在危险的病灶,其后分别向58名医生和人工智能系统,展示100张恶性黑色素瘤或良性痣的照片,比较两者分辨癌症的能力。

参与测试的医生来自17个国家,逾一半有5年以上行医经验,19%的人有2至5年经验,另有29%的人经验不足2年。研究结果显示,医生平均能正确判断86.6%恶性肿瘤照片。假如提供病人的年龄、性别和可疑伤口位置等临床数据,诊断准确率可提升至88.9%,但仍低于人工智能的95%。另外,医生能正确判断76%正常良性痣,同样低于人工智能的83%。

研究团队在《肿瘤学年鉴》期刊发表论文,称卷积神经网络系统胜过大多数皮肤科医生。领导研究的德国海德堡大学教授岑斯勒指出,人工智能系统较少对黑色素瘤“看走眼”,同时较少把正常的痣误诊为恶性瘤,敏感程度高于皮肤科医生。

研究团队表示,人工智能将有助加速诊断皮肤癌,使医生得以在癌细胞扩散前及早切除,也可以避免生长良性痣的病人接受不必要的手术。

不过,研究人员认为人工智能仍然无法完全取代医生,原因是手指、脚趾和头皮等位置上的黑色素瘤难以用照片记录,加之部分病灶外表较为特殊,人工智能难以辨认,医生也可协助病人发现此前未察觉的可疑伤口。专家表示,现阶段还没有方法能取代临床检查。

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