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国际投资者对新兴市场态度乐观

2018-05-29 07:56:06   中国经济网

强劲的美元仍然是新兴市场的主要风险,同时世界贸易放缓将影响企业收入并使利润率下降,从而降低新兴市场股票的吸引力。不过,强势美元难以维持,未来新兴市场资产很可能出现回升态势。尤其是海外投资者对中国股票和债券的需求不减,中国资本市场成为支撑新兴市场的主要动力之一。

进入5月份,新兴市场国家股票市场资金流动备受关注。

5月份第一周,新兴市场国家股票市场出现了规模高达16亿美元的资金流出,结束了此前11周的净流入状态。第二周美国投资新兴市场股票的基金净流出规模为8.7亿美元,为2016年11月份以来的最大资金流出。这两周的情况貌似印证了部分投资者有关新兴市场进入熊市的论断,但随后一周,这一数据就发生了逆转。花旗统计数据显示,5月份第三周,新兴市场基金就扭转了净流出态势,净流入3.95亿美元。其中,亚洲基金和拉美基金分别净流入3.05亿美元和3.36亿美元,亚洲基金资金流入主要受益于中国相关基金资金流入,全球新兴市场和欧非中东基金分别流出0.81亿美元和1.65亿美元。

新兴市场虽在最近出现了波动,但如果回顾过去两年的走势,这更像是上涨周期中的阶段调整。新兴市场国家的股票市场已经经历了连续两年的上涨行情,今年2月份迎来了第一轮调整。即使考虑到2月份的修正和近期的回调,截至5月上旬,新兴市场股市仍然总体上涨了0.52%。瑞银策略师杰夫·丹尼斯统计数据显示,从2月份市场修正之后到5月初的净流入周期内,新兴市场股市吸引资金规模总体达到266亿美元,规模远大于近期资金流出规模。同时,从2016年底到2018年5月初,只有8周新兴市场出现资金净流出。

花旗银行表示,考虑到市场估值上升,收益率曲线倒挂,美元走强导致新兴市场流动性收紧,新兴市场股市未来确实有可能存在多次回调,但尚无迹象表明牛市周期已经结束。支撑这一判断的核心是新兴市场企业盈利将维持高速增长。花旗预计2018年新兴市场企业盈利同比增速将达到18%,且盈利增速预期依然在不断上调。

同时,新兴市场经济基础面仍然稳健。当前,新兴市场采购经理人指数PMI继续保持在50上方,经济继续保持扩张态势。最新的中国制造业和服务业PMI均处于50上方。拉美地区PMI指数不仅在50上方,而且持续走高。新兴市场中仅有欧非中东地区PMI低于50。此外,相比发达国家股市,新兴股市具有估值优势。从市净率角度来看,当前新兴市场股市市净率为1.6倍,与其长期平均水平一致。相比之下,当前发达国家市净率为2.3倍。

不可否认,当前新兴市场仍然面临美元强势风险。花旗认为,强劲的美元仍然是新兴市场的主要风险,同时世界贸易放缓将影响企业收入并使公司利润率下降,从而降低新兴市场股票的吸引力。不过,强势美元难以维持。历史数据显示,美国财政赤字越大,美元越弱,加上美国面临财政与经常账户双重赤字,历史上美元在此情况下难以持续维持强势。

这一观点得到了澳新银行的认可。澳新银行表示,回顾最近资金流出态势,亚洲市场资金流出较多的国家往往是对美国收紧货币政策较为敏感的国家。不过,市场对于这一担忧似乎过头了。澳新银行认为,当前美元升值已经接近顶峰,美国债收益率也将逐步回落,这意味着新兴市场资金流出即将接近尾声,未来新兴市场资产很可能出现回升态势。澳新银行强调,虽然亚洲多国和地区出现了资金外流,但是海外投资者对中国股票和债券的需求不减,中国资本市场成为支撑新兴市场的主要动力之一。

花旗银行最新财富管理周报也对未来中国股票市场前景和吸引力表示乐观。这一乐观情绪主要基于A股企业业绩和盈利能力。

花旗认为,A股一季度销售收入和盈利增长维持强劲,每股盈余增长保持稳健,2018年一季度同比增长14.6%,与2017年四季度的15.3%基本持平。剔除金融行业后,A股2018年一季度盈利增长高达24.1%,远高于2017年四季度的17.0%,销售收入同比增幅也从2017年四季度的11%加快至2018年一季度的13%。受益于企业杠杆降低和运营成本减少,剔除金融行业的A股净利润率也达到了2011年四季度以来的最高水平。同时,A股企业的利润率和净资产收益率持续改善,资本支出增长加速,债务水平保持基本稳定。

基于上述分析,花旗继续看好中国股市盈利增长前景,预计在强劲的经济增长及资本开支带动下,未来几个季度内A股盈利将维持高速增长,成为吸引海外投资者的重要资产。(经济日报-中国经济网驻伦敦记者 蒋华栋)

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