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俄浮动核电站将赴北极 美加紧应对

2018-05-27 10:46:09   新华网

新华社北京5月27日电 综述:俄浮动核电站将赴北极 美加紧应对

新华社记者杨定都

俄罗斯日前正式推出世界首座浮动核电站,配合其近年来大力推动的北极开发战略。面对俄在北极的种种动作,美国一些官员表现出强烈的危机意识,着手采取应对措施。

  俄首座浮动核电站

5月19日,在俄罗斯西北部北冰洋沿岸城市摩尔曼斯克,俄罗斯国家原子能集团公司向媒体隆重推介了该公司建造的世界首座浮动核电站——“罗蒙诺索夫院士”号浮动核发电站。

据俄国家原子能集团公司首席执行官阿列克谢·利哈乔夫介绍,这座浮动核电站由一艘长144米、宽30米的驳船,以及驳船上搭载的两座35兆瓦核反应堆组成。

“罗蒙诺索夫院士”号将于2019年夏天前往俄罗斯东北部楚科奇自治区的佩韦克港,将为当地居民、港口设施以及油气开采活动提供电力。

中国人民大学重阳金融研究院报告显示,摩尔曼斯克和佩韦克是较为典型的北极港口,其中摩尔曼斯克为终年不冻港,也是俄北极地区最大的城市。佩韦克人口仅约5000人,配有机场和港口,是北极航道上较具发展潜力的港口城镇。

俄罗斯近年来加快开发北极的步伐。据俄卫星通讯社报道,俄总统普京21日发表演讲,强调俄高度重视北极研究和开发,要求加快发展北极航道,大幅提升货运量。

北极冰层加速融化,使得北冰洋通航成为可能。其中,北极东北航道已经实现夏季商业通航。这条航道主要沿俄罗斯北部沿岸,跨越北冰洋,向西穿过巴伦支海进入北欧、大西洋;向东通过白令海峡,进入亚洲、太平洋。走北极航道往返亚欧之间,可大幅缩短航程。

北极航道通航也为开采北极丰富的油气资源创造了条件。美国地质勘探局2008年调查估计,北极地区蕴藏占世界22%尚未发现的、技术上可采的油气资源,包括世界上13%的未发现石油、30%未发现的天然气和20%未发现的液态天然气。

  美国针锋相对

据美国媒体报道,近日举行的美国参议院听证会上,参议员穆尔科斯基表示:“过去十年间俄罗斯在北极活动频繁,特别是过去一年间俄在北极活动尤为活跃。然而,美国的北极战略却没有跟上形势的发展。”

作为对穆尔科斯基的回应,美国国防部长马蒂斯表示,将会协助海岸警卫队配备新的破冰船。同时,国防部还会积极与他国进行合作,以免独自承担北极战略所需的所有费用。

美国海岸警卫队目前只有两艘破冰船,其中一艘重型破冰船主要在南极活动。而俄罗斯拥有数十艘破冰船,包括多艘核动力破冰船。按照美国计划,将新增6艘破冰船,以努力缩小与俄差距。2018财年美国国防预算授权法案中就新增了建造破冰船的经费。

此外,美国海军作战部长约翰·理查森近日还宣布将要恢复此前撤销的海军第二舰队建制。俄军事评论人员及媒体普遍认为,美国此举的目的之一是加强在北极地区的军事存在,以抗衡俄罗斯近年来在北极的军事建设活动。

俄罗斯军事评论人士巴拉涅茨说,美军重建第二舰队的假想敌是俄罗斯,所瞄准的目标区域是北冰洋和大西洋海域。他认为,美国军方人士近来多次提到俄罗斯在开发北极一事上已走在前面,美军重建第二舰队以后,可以通过进行潜艇演习等方式为极端、复杂气候条件下可能与俄出现的对抗做准备。

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