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亚洲人不爱吃大米了?英媒:“智能作物”将取代米饭地位

2018-05-27 08:01:14   新华网

英媒称,随着亚洲人变得富裕和健康,“智能作物”在未来的菜单上将取代米饭。

据英国汤森路透基金会5月21日报道,午餐时间的台北西门町是对意志力和忍耐力的考验,游客和当地人挤在餐馆里和街边小摊上,在蒸饺和煎饺、宽面和细面、铜锣烧、烧烤和甜点之间做出选择。

报道称,在这个美食家聚集的地方,有一样东西在菜单和餐盘里很少看到:米饭。

据联合国粮食及农业组织说,大米曾是台湾地区日常饮食中的主食,不过最近50年来,大米的人均消耗量下降了2/3以上,原因是“智能作物”和“超级食物”的大举流入。

报道称,这是亚洲在这方面出现的最大跌幅,也是在城镇化、收入上升、气候变化以及对健康和粮食供应的担忧促使人们寻找像小米和更多蛋白质这类未来可替代米饭的其他食物选项之际,亚洲各地正在形成的一种趋势。

去台北上大学的24岁的林关波(音)说:“我年轻时吃了很多米饭,但是现在,我吃的蔬菜、鱼和肉比过去多了。这样的饮食更健康。人们在食物上花的钱比过去多了,他们想吃得健康,而米饭被认为不是健康的选择。”

报道称,全球大约90%的大米产量和消耗量源自亚洲,这里的人口占世界总人口的60%。不过,从日本、韩国、中国香港和台湾地区的趋势可以看出,随着饮食发生变化,大米的消耗量将会出现大幅下降。

报道称,自1961年以来,香港的大米人均消耗量减少了约60%,日本则减少近一半。根据联合国粮农组织的数据,韩国自1978年以来,大米消耗量减少了41%。

与此同时,鱼、肉、乳制品、水果和蔬菜的消耗量大幅上升。

联合国粮农组织驻曼谷的资深经济学家戴维·道说,大米仍将是亚洲地区最重要的一种作物,在饮食中扮演关键角色,也是亚洲文化的象征,不过未来随着新的食物不断涌现,大米将不再占据主导地位。

他说:“这是亚洲未来的趋势,营养充足的人会有更好的表现。只靠米饭来填饱肚子是不能做到这一点的。还需要更多的鱼、肉、水果和蔬菜。”

据说大米最早于一万多年前在中国的长江流域开始栽培。在亚洲,大米最初主要供富人消费,直到20世纪60年代“绿色革命”之后才变得普及,当时亚洲各地的政府为了提高水稻产量并养活日益增加的人口,引入了更高产的种子和更优质的化肥。

国际半干旱热带作物研究所驻海得拉巴的首席科学家S·K·古普塔说,在印度,营养不良问题是政府推广小米的一个原因,因为它含有的蛋白质、纤维素和微量元素比大米和小麦更为丰富。

此外,小米生长时需要的水较少,而且可以长在盐碱地并忍受更热的气候,随着南亚地区温度和海平面的上升,这些因素变得至关重要。

古普塔说:“从历史上看,很多人吃的是小米和玉米,但是在他们移居城市以后,他们转而开始食用大米和小麦。”

他对汤森路透基金会说:“如果小米可以更方便地获取,会促使消费者重新开始食用这种作物,而如果小米的价格更高,农民会种植更多小米。这样的局面已经在出现。”

联合国粮农组织的道说,亚洲富裕地区不再把大米作为主要食物的趋势符合贝内特定律,该定律认为,随着收入的增加,人们消耗的像米饭这种含大量淀粉的主食会大幅减少。

据粮农组织估计,在亚洲国家的人均收入达到2364美元(约合人民币15089元)时,大米在饮食中的重要性就会降低。

报道说,中国大陆和一些东南亚国家已经明显出现了这样的变化,这里的人们吃的肉和鱼增多了,饮食中的蛋白质更为丰富。

报道称,在菲律宾这个世界上最大的稻米进口国之一,政府考虑用玉米、香蕉、红薯,木薯、芋头和一种被称为“乔布的眼泪”或中国薏米的谷物作为大米的替代物。

另一方面,食品公司和厨师正在针对顾客对更健康饮食的需求作出回应,将谷物添加到面包、通心粉,甚至手工酿造的啤酒中。(编译/李凤芹)

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