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新算法可算出城市出租车需求数量

2018-05-26 16:26:05   新华网

新华社华盛顿5月25日电(记者 周舟)当“共享出行”成为未来城市交通的重要方式,精确算出一个城市到底需要多少辆出租车成为一个数学难题。美国科学家开发出一种新算法,有望优化大城市出租车队的规模,提高“智慧城市”水平。

发表在新一期英国《自然》杂志上的研究显示,美国麻省理工学院“可感知城市实验室”提出一种被称为“最小车队问题”的解决方案。

此前,研究人员尝试利用“旅行商问题”算法解答这一问题。“旅行商问题”是数学领域一个经典路线规划问题,旨在寻求一个旅行者从起点出发、通过所有给定需求点后再回到原点的最小路径成本。

“可感知城市实验室”科学家保罗·桑蒂说,以目前的计算能力,用“旅行商问题”算法只能解决几十辆车的问题,但难以胜任大城市需求,例如纽约市大约有1.35万辆出租车、每天约50万单的行程。

因此研究人员构建了“车辆分享网络”,用节点和连接节点的边来抽象出租车队的可分享性,其中节点代表行程,而边则代表两次行程可共享一辆车。研究人员应用该方法在一年内对纽约市1.5亿次出租车行程进行了计算,模型采用了曼哈顿实时路况和出租车GPS路线定位,结果发现在优化条件下,纽约市出租车队规模可降低30%。

新算法只涉及出租车的调配优化,该工作只需一个手机应用程序就能完成。研究人员认为,随着未来几年网络化自动驾驶汽车的普及,该算法将日渐成熟。研究团队目前计划利用该算法算出城市中需要的最少停车位数量。

该实验室主任、麻省理工学院城市研究与规划系教授卡洛·拉蒂说,这一算法理论上可满足对14万辆车的出行进行优化,这表明未来的城市不仅需要基础设施,还需要更多智能管理。

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