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“淡水三文鱼”生吃有害?听听专家怎么说

2018-05-26 08:46:05   光明网

原标题:中国水产品流通与加工协会澄清“淡水三文鱼”三大误解

新华社北京5月25日电(记者董峻)近期网上关于国产三文鱼的话题引起广泛关注,一些内容因缺乏科学依据造成负面影响。25日,中国水产品流通与加工协会会长崔和接受记者采访,对相关误区进行了澄清和释疑。

“淡水三文鱼”生吃有害?

崔和说,三文鱼有没有携带对人类有致病性的寄生虫,不是决定于在海水还是在淡水生长,而是看其生长过程是否安全可控。管理标准、监控严格、水体洁净、饲料优良的工业化养殖三文鱼的品质更容易保证,食用也更安全。

相关研究表明,野生鱼类主要捕食小型鱼类和甲壳类,使鱼类间有了寄生虫的传播途径。开放性的生存环境和不可控的捕食对象,导致野生三文鱼感染疾病或寄生虫的几率比养殖品种高很多。

从目前我国三文鱼(包括大西洋鲑和虹鳟)的养殖现状看,养殖环境主要为流动的冷水,寄生虫存在几率极低。原因在于:

——养殖虹鳟水质要求高,水质清冽,通常在低温流水中养殖(养殖温度12至18摄氏度);

——养殖渔场通过网箱或者其他养殖设施隔离了养殖鱼和其他野生鱼类或水中生物的联系;

——完全使用人工颗粒饲料饲养,这些饲料经过高温膨化处理,阻断了寄生虫的传播途径;

——人工养殖的过程都有鸟类防护设施,这种措施也阻断了寄生虫通过鸟类粪便传播的途径;

——规模企业有寄生虫监测措施,定期监测,为产品安全提供有力保障。

淡水中不能养殖三文鱼?

据崔和介绍,绝大多数鲑科鱼类为洄游性鱼类,无论野生还是人工养殖,其产卵、孵化和幼鱼阶段均在淡水中完成,生长期洄游或人工放回到海水中,性成熟后再回到淡水中产卵。

同时,部分种类也可以在淡水中完成其整个生活史,比如虹鳟、山女鳟和高白鲑等。不过,虹鳟经过驯化后也可以在海水里养殖,鲑属的褐鳟则有淡水型和海水型。

鲑鳟是冷水性凶猛鱼类,对栖息环境要求很高,尤喜水质清澈、溶氧丰富的山川溪流。其生长最适温度为14至16摄氏度,在适温范围内摄食旺盛,生长迅速。低于8摄氏度或高于18摄氏度则食欲减退,生长缓慢。丰富的水流的刺激可保持鲑鱼良好的物质代谢,促进生长。

虹鳟是不是三文鱼?

崔和说,国内市场通常所说的三文鱼是鲑鳟鱼类的商品名称统称,并非一种鱼的科学名称。

“人们餐桌上的金枪鱼包括黄鳍金枪鱼、蓝鳍金枪鱼、大眼金枪鱼、鲣鱼等,都叫金枪鱼。三文鱼也一样,包括大西洋鲑、太平洋鲑、虹鳟等多个种类。”崔和说。

据他介绍,挪威、智利等国也养殖大西洋鲑和虹鳟等,不少当地人更偏爱虹鳟,而且虹鳟的价格高于大西洋鲑。而在挪威、智利的海水养殖大规格产品中,虹鳟产量也仅次于大西洋鲑产量。

崔和表示,三文鱼是现代水产养殖的代表产业之一。我国淡水三文鱼比进口三文鱼物美价廉、安全卫生,消费者不用过度担心食用安全问题。

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