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综述:日本各界普遍反对美国通过“232调查”对进口汽车设限

2018-05-25 19:06:01   新华网

新华社东京5月25日电 综述:日本各界普遍反对美国通过“232调查”对进口汽车设限

新华社记者钱铮 马曹冉

美国政府日前宣布对进口汽车及零配件启动所谓的“232调查”,声称数十年的海外进口“削弱了”美国国内汽车产业。据美国媒体透露,此项调查可能最终导致美国政府对进口汽车征收高达25%的关税。对此,日本各界普遍发出反对之声。

日本经济产业大臣世耕弘成24日表示,美国政府针对这一调查有可能采取的进口限制措施“将是涉及范围非常广的贸易限制措施,将导致世界市场的混乱”。他说,这将无可避免地对基于世界贸易组织(WTO)的多边贸易机制产生不良影响,这种局面非常令人遗憾。

日本经济再生担当大臣茂木敏充表示,日本政府密切关注美国汽车关税的有关动向。他表示,世界各国出台的贸易政策应该符合WTO规则,应该避免出台保护主义的贸易政策。

日本商工会议所会长三村明夫表示,以安保为理由征收关税,有点难以置信。期待美国回归冷静。三村指出,美国已然以安保为由对钢铁和铝产品进口设限,如果针对汽车采取类似措施的话,将在世界范围内产生很大影响。

日本《每日新闻》在25日的报道中指出,如果美国政府决定根据《1962年贸易扩展法》第232条款对汽车加征高关税,这对日本产业界造成的打击将远大于今年3月份针对钢铁和铝产品的限制措施。日本出口汽车的近40%是销往美国市场,出口额约4.6万亿日元(1美元约合109日元),占汽车出口总额的约30%,汽车零配件对美出口额也高达9000亿日元。

报道认为,美国滥用进口限制,很可能违反WTO规则。为阻止特朗普的“暴走”,日本似乎有必要与其他各国协作。

日本最大汽车制造商丰田公司24日发表声明表示,2017年丰田汽车在美国生产了近1200万辆汽车,以威胁国家安全为由对进口汽车进行限制令人难以置信。在过去60年里,丰田累计在美国投资了230亿美元,对美国的就业和经济增长贡献巨大。自由公正的贸易促进了汽车产业的持续健康发展,也为消费者提供了更多更优选择。

《日本经济新闻》25日发表社论说,特朗普的贸易政策非常危险,是诱发与主要贸易对象国之间的贸易战、使世界经济陷入危机的鲁莽之举。美国如果对进口汽车加征关税,将令日本、加拿大、墨西哥等汽车出口国受到巨大打击,日本对外贸易的根基将被动摇。目前汽车贸易占到美国对日本贸易逆差的约六成,美国希望施压日本改变这一状况。

社论指出,践踏国际规则,单方面发动进口限制,不管出于什么理由,都是不能容忍的。如果认为与主要贸易对象国之间的进出口存在问题,正确的方法应该是向世贸组织起诉,通过谈判来解决问题。

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