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毒品泛滥困扰阿富汗

2018-05-24 09:31:14   光明网

联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室5月21日发布报告指出,2017年阿富汗罂粟种植面积较2016年增长63%,已从上年度的20.1万公顷扩大到32.8万公顷,创下历史新高。值得注意的是,2017年阿富汗非法交易的产值为41亿至66亿美元,约占该国国内生产总值的20%至32%。分析认为,毒品泛滥已成为阿富汗战争的一大“后遗症”,严重困扰该国经济社会发展。

眼下最令人担忧的是,鸦片生产的影响已渗透进阿富汗农村的各个角落。据联合国统计,在阿富汗西部和北部地区,有超过1/3的村庄种植罂粟;在东部地区,种植罂粟的比例超过50%,南部地区甚至高达85%。

去年,阿富汗政府拿出超过一万吨小麦种子和两万吨尿素分发给该国罂粟种植区域的农民,以鼓励其加大小麦种植力度,但结果并不如意。据路透社报道,阿富汗农业部发言人阿克塔尔·拉斯塔米表示,为了牟取更丰厚的经济回报,很多农民拿了种子却未播种,不顾政府禁令继续种植罂粟。尽管阿富汗政府长期以来致力于推动该国各项禁毒工作,但在打击鸦片生产方面的收效并不明显。

卡塔尔半岛电视台援引喀布尔一家戒毒中心的负责人祖尔迈·努尔扎伊·高里的分析称,战争和失业是毒品泛滥的两大根源。自美国发动阿富汗战争以来,阿富汗陷入长期的混乱和动荡局面,国民经济发展缓慢,失业和贫困问题加重,毒品犯罪在此期间愈发猖獗。

战乱导致阿富汗经济环境持续恶化,不少失去工作的阿富汗人为谋生不得已铤而走险从事鸦片生产和其它毒品犯罪行为。2001年美国发动阿富汗战争后,阿富汗国内出现了众多武装组织,为了筹集资金,一些武装组织开始支持其控制地区的农民种植罂粟,并以此向农民征收“税费”。据联合国方面估计,2017年,包括塔利班在内的武装组织对阿富汗鸦片生产“征税”至少达1.16亿至1.84亿美元。舆论普遍担心,毒品交易已成为塔利班等武装组织的重要经济来源,鸦片生产和毒品交易问题如得不到控制,将助长该国恐怖主义发展,进一步影响社会稳定。

阿富汗政府2月份公布的数据显示,该国禁毒部门在11个月内共开展2468次扫毒行动,累计缴获231吨各类毒品及制毒化学品,逮捕2800多名贩毒嫌疑人。阿富汗内政部副部长阿卜杜勒·哈利勒·巴赫提亚表示,该国禁毒部门今年会继续对各地毒品犯罪保持高压打击态势。

分析指出,眼下国际市场的需求同样是阿富汗鸦片生产的一大驱动因素。解决这一问题需要国际社会共同合作,彻底摧毁鸦片非法交易链。

(本报伊斯兰堡5月23日电)

作者:本报驻巴基斯坦记者 丁雪真

版权声明:如涉及版权问题,请作者持权属证明与本网联系

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