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向死亡say NO!科学家成功阻止乳腺癌转移

2018-05-24 07:01:13   新华网

美国研究人员最近探明乳腺癌细胞在人体其他位置潜伏并在多年后复发的机制,在实验室实验中以药物和基因疗法成功损毁这种细胞,阻止其转移。

美国国家癌症研究所研究人员发现,乳腺癌细胞可以通过自体吞噬在人体隐藏较长时间不被发现。自体吞噬指任何细胞,无论癌变还是健康细胞,在充满压力或营养匮乏的环境里改组内部成分以求生存。

这种过程发生时,细胞相当于局部关闭,进入一种类似休眠的状态。这项发现得以解释,为什么手术或化疗不能彻底除掉人体内的乳腺癌细胞。“许多传统抗癌药物针对细胞分裂,但休眠细胞并不活跃或经常分裂,因此被认为对这类药物有抗药性,”研究牵头人之一肯特·亨特说。由于隐藏于身体某处休眠,这类细胞同样能够躲过放射疗法。

亨特和同事向小鼠注入休眠的人体乳腺癌细胞,然后给予其中一半小鼠抗自体吞噬药物,另一半小鼠接受安慰剂。另一组实验中,研究人员修改了小鼠体内用于控制自体吞噬的基因。结果显示,两种与自体吞噬相关的治疗方法都“显著”降低了癌细胞存活率并限制它们扩散。

如果不求助于限制自体吞噬的疗法,癌细胞会在体内积累有毒物质并对细胞线粒体造成损害。线粒体是为细胞提供能量的单位。亨特说,从目前研究发展出可行性治疗方法仍然有很长的路要走。不久,他们将开展临床试验以检测这种疗法是否适用于人类。不过,亨特不确定这种方法是否适用于其他癌细胞。研究相关结果发表于英国《自然·通讯》杂志。

乳腺癌死亡病例中,90%死于癌转移,即乳腺癌向身体其他部分和器官扩散转移。数十年来,科学家一直试图发现癌细胞潜伏并复发的机制。(袁原)【新华社微特稿】

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