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专访:中国探月创新不断——访俄航天专家热列兹尼亚科夫

2018-05-21 20:35:07   新华网

新华社莫斯科5月21日电  专访:中国探月创新不断——访俄航天专家热列兹尼亚科夫

新华社记者栾海

21日,中国成功将探月工程嫦娥四号任务中继卫星“鹊桥”发射升空。这是世界首颗运行于地月拉格朗日L2点的通信卫星,将为2018年底择机实施的嫦娥四号月球背面软着陆探测任务提供地月间的中继通信。对中国的探月成就,俄罗斯专家表示,虽然中国目前所处阶段尚未超越上世纪先行探月的航天大国,但运用的新科技、新方案为探月成功奠定了基础。

“中国探月成就在国际航天界早已广受好评,中国在探月方面的各种创新源源不断,其中一些研发成果具有先锋开创意义。”俄罗斯齐奥尔科夫斯基航天研究院院士热列兹尼亚科夫日前在接受记者专访时表达了这样的看法。

他还表示,与上世纪相比,各国当前的探月活动更加理智,更注重应用。

热列兹尼亚科夫认为,月球的独特自然环境很适合用于测试航天科技,开展工艺实验,设置天体观测仪器,进而收获与地球上开展这类工作时不一样的成果。如果远望未来,月球的各种矿物、能源还有望供应地球所需。

“当前人类探月的主要目标有两个,”他说,“一是研究了解月球,二是开发月球资源。上世纪六七十年代美国苏联竞相探月是为了冷战需要,其目标就是超越对手,而很少从实用角度出发考虑探月登月的意义。目前各国制定探月计划时非常理智,并不是为了与他国竞赛。”

“中俄美当前的探月活动都注重探究月球新知。但与后二者相比,中国探月工程从一开始就相对更注重将探月科技研发成果用于医学、生物学、材料科学等实用领域。俄美虽也有类似的转化研发计划,但其落实进度相对滞后。中国探月的另一个特点是不‘争强斗胜’,也就是不急于抢先派探测器或宇航员登月,只要能尽早开发月球即可。”热列兹尼亚科夫说。

他说,中国准备让嫦娥四号探测器在月球背面着陆,这将是“前无古人”的创举。中国航天技术在很多方面已发展到与美俄并驾齐驱,因此完全可为各国联合考察开发月球作出重大贡献。而航天大国如能开展探月合作,可以把各自的优势结合起来,分担项目经费,这比各国“单打独斗”地探月更经济实用。

“俄罗斯和中国可在探月工程所涉及的所有方面开展合作,”热列兹尼亚科夫说,“例如双方共同研制新型运载火箭、航天器的发动机及其自带的服务系统、科研仪器等。此外俄中良好的双边关系也有助于双方在航天合作中取得令人瞩目的成果。”

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