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外媒:报告称印度存6300万女性缺口 选择性流产是主因

2018-03-23 08:11:23    新华网

外媒称,很多印度家庭对女胎进行选择性流产,导致印度目前存在6300万女性的缺口。虽然印度从1994年起就制定了禁止选择性流产的法律,选择性流产最高刑期可达3年,但这一现象依然屡禁不止。

据西班牙《先锋报》网站3月21日报道,在印度,选择性流产绝非新鲜事,但莫迪政府对这一现象采取的应对措施在印度尚属首次。印度当局史无前例地公布了一组数据,反映该国人口男女比例严重失衡的同时,也揭露了司法体系的漏洞。

根据印度最近公布的《2017-18年经济调查报告》显示,在自然条件下的男女比例应为1050名男性比1000名女性,但印度的这个比例达到了1108名男性比1000名女性,而导致这一失衡现象的主要原因就是选择性流产在该国泛滥。此外,报告还显示,在印度大约有2100万年龄在0到25岁之间的女性并不受自己家人的欢迎。换言之,女儿在家中受到的关注和照顾远少于儿子。

报告警告称,印度必须遏制这种重男轻女的风气,因为这将严重影响到社会的正常发展。报告还称,这一现象损害了年轻女性的权益,在她们一生中所享有的生活资源很可能一直少于男性。

报道称,专家指出,歧视现象体现在女性在获取食物、接受教育、享受医疗服务等多方面享有的资源都少于男性,而这也导致女婴和女童的早夭率远高于男性,造成人口不平等的诱因是多重的,其中嫁妆占据主要地位。

报道称,虽然印度当局1961年就明令禁止索取嫁妆,但几乎所有阶层的家庭在迎娶女子时都会提出这个要求。索要嫁妆在印度是一个普遍现象,与传统习惯和宗教信仰密切相关。如果女子的娘家不能准备一份丰厚的嫁妆,就会被瞧不起。实际上,很多女童放弃学业早早外出打工,就是为了攒够自己的嫁妆。

报道称,除了嫁妆的问题,女性出嫁后即随夫家姓氏并丧失财产继承权,也是导致很多家庭不愿意生女儿的一大原因。

据联合国的数据显示,印度女性的生存环境在世界范围内名列倒数第四,仅优于阿富汗、刚果和巴基斯坦。印度的年度报告还显示,2016年该国女性的工作率仅为24%。这表明,印度女性被家务禁锢,无法外出工作。

报道称,专家指出,目前解决性别歧视的最好方法就是改善女性的受教育情况,但印度在这方面依然任重道远。(编译/刘丽菲)

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