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报告:工人短缺 日本须大量引进外劳方能维持经济

2018-01-14 10:36:22   中国新闻网

中新网1月14日电 据外媒报道,日本劳动政策研究机构发报告,指日本面对工人短缺,绝非聘请高龄人士和鼓励女性就业就能解决。它认为,日本在2020年以后只有大开门户,大量引进外籍人士,才能维持经济发展。

《日本经济新闻》昨日引述劳动当局的外劳数据显示,日本依赖外劳的程度有目共睹,已是一个无法改变的事实。随着日本人口萎缩,外劳人数这四年快速增长,已成为日本一劳动强力军。当局掌握的外来劳动人口目前是108.3769万人,四年里增加了40万人。

报道指出,日本很多行业都面对棘手的人手短缺问题,除体力劳动外,零售和服务业目前也出现严重人手不足。去年,日本零售业新增人手里,外国人比率为67%,大大突破了过去记录。

此外,建筑业去年增加了2.8万名外劳,虽为历来最多,也不足以应付需求。让当局最感吃惊的是,以往被视为难以接受外国人担任的送货员和邮差,也都在迫不得已下打开了外劳门户。

日本国立人口问题研究所认为,日本劳动人口短缺课题将在2025年面对挑战,那时日本当局就算大量聘请高龄人士和增加女性就职也无从弥补。2000年到2016年,日本15岁到64岁劳动人口就已少了397万人,预计到2025年,还将减少270万人。

过去16年,日本是以每年增加女性就业和聘请高龄人士10万人来填补劳动力短缺。基于65岁以上的高龄人口将不断增加,日本的“自救”方案将山穷水尽。

日本第一生命经济研究所的一份报告显示,日本也必须以外劳来弥补在医疗和老人护理方面的短缺,估计将来会面对多达150万人的护理人员不足。若是无法解决的话,日本下滑的生产力将让它面对每年约6万亿日元的经济损失。

日经也指日本政府一直没明确制定外劳政策,让日本企业只能以“研修生”“留学生”等名目来雇用外劳。这种暗度陈仓的做法,不但助长了日企的违法作业,也无法让日本生产力获得提升。

日经引述劳动政策研究机构的报告,认为日本与其他发达国家相比,有很大扩展外劳的空间。就这一机构发表的数据,大多数发达国家,外劳占劳动人口比率都在10%以上,美国将近20%、英国和德国也在10%左右,而日本目前是4%。

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