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汇率“杀伤力”让南非华人头痛

2017-12-22 09:01:21   中国经济网

【环球时报驻南非特派记者 李志伟】“治安不是影响在南非华人去留的主要原因,汇率才是关键。我们总体判断明年南非的发展趋势是企稳回升。”南部非洲上海工商联谊总会荣誉会长姒海的一席话,勾勒出南非的经济状况以及华人内心的判断。有人离开南非,也有人选择南非。南非华侨华人数量约为30万,尽管也有20万或40万的说法,但南非都是拥有最大规模华侨华人社团的非洲国家。《环球时报》记者采访中发现,大多数新侨依旧对南非未来抱有信心,选择坚守。

南非首都约翰内斯堡唐人街南边的中华牌楼主体工程已完工,与唐人街北面的中华牌楼交相辉映。2013年,南非总统祖马出席北牌楼落成剪彩仪式,仍让侨社津津乐道。但现在让华人头痛的是汇率下跌问题。举例来说,2008年,在南非打工挣1万兰特/月,相当于1万元人民币,但2017年,1万兰特只相当于5000元人民币。受汇率波动影响最大的是新侨中的打工者和一些做小生意的人。一位在开普敦某中餐馆打工的广东肇庆女子告诉《环球时报》记者,她在南非打工的收入与在广州打工相差无几,因为明年可以获得南非永久居留,所以想留下来,“毕竟在这里有一定基础,回国真不知道还能干什么”。她的话反映了部分南非新侨的心态,就是中国发展越来越好,而南非兰特汇率变化让预期收入减少,所以去或留成了两难选择。一名华商说,大多数新侨两头跑,既在中国投资生意,也在南非坚守。记者在东开普省遇到两名华人,其中一个生意一直没有做大,正准备回国;另一人借钱来南非开了家小店,现在一年约有几十万元人民币的收入,自称“风险评估后,觉得生活还过得去,只是没有以往挣得多”。

在南非经商30年的华商陈义彪认为,南非华侨华人数量没有减少,比如做生意做大的华商,已经涉及制造业、房地产、矿产等多元产业,“不是小打小闹”,不可能因为汇率低就不做了。尽管汇率问题具有“杀伤力”,但南非的经商环境也在改善。关店回国的数量很少,其中一些人也考虑到家庭因素,如子女教育问题。据他介绍,现在华人居住区已经向商业区和当地中产阶级居民区转移。

大环境是生意不景气,加上南非移民局开始收紧政策,让原本一些期待拿居留身份的人选择回国。对此,南部非洲上海工商联谊总会荣誉会长姒海说,“大家的生意都在坚持,利润很薄,以进口为主的华商总体上面临转型。怎么转型,大家还在尝试。主要是产品转型和经营模式转型。”在南非投资设厂生产的华商日子还很“滋润”,因为他们使用本地货币生产,受影响较小。

今年秋天,南非国家电视台在黄金时段播放由南非记者拍摄的旅游纪录片《中国日记》,收视率超过5%,反映出南非民众非常希望了解中国人的生活。据该片合作伙伴姒海介绍,计划明年推出该片第二季。陈义彪认为,南非当地媒体大多依旧掌握在西方财阀手中,针对中国多有偏见。但他接触的南非政府官员、中产阶级、商人、学界等对中国的看法都很正面,“南非人比很多国家的人要对华人友好”。

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