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日天皇200年来首次生前退位 曾“挽救”中日关系

2017-12-18 11:20:17   中国网

原标题:日媒:200年来首次生前退位的日本天皇曾“挽救”中日关系

日本明仁天皇已确定将于2019年4月30日退位,皇太子5月1日登基,同一天更改年号的日程。自1817年日本光格天皇以来,这是时隔约200年再次出现天皇生前退位。明治时期以后,由于日本采用天皇终身制,没有出现过生前退位。日本宫内厅2016年8月发布了天皇暗示退位想法的视频致辞。日本政府在2017年的例行国会上通过了允许天皇退位的《特例法》。关于此事,《日本经济新闻》记者近日采访了美国社会学者、哈佛大学教授傅高义。

如何看待日本天皇200年来首次生前退位?对于这个问题,傅高义认为,允许生前退位应该是因为明仁天皇因健康问题无法胜任公务。虽然几乎没有先例,但是因为自己无法胜任工作而让位给下一代是一件好事。这种形式的皇位继承对日本来说也是好事。傅高义评价称,明仁天皇一向与人为善。尤其是对于遭遇了不幸的人们,为了代表国家表达关怀之意,明仁天皇曾访问过震灾地等场所。作为象征日本天皇发挥了重要作用。

有关日本明仁天皇在国际外交方面的影响,傅高义认为,1992年日本明仁天皇访华在中日关系史上具有重要意义。这是历史上日本天皇首次访问中国。当时恶化的中日关系一度出现改善。

傅作义表示,坦白说,日本天皇访华是个特例。除了英国等保留王室的国家外,包括美国在内,与日本皇室关系亲近的国家并不多。与保留王室制度的国家开展皇室之间的国际亲善具有重要意义,但是与其他国家则仅限于礼仪性的交往。即便如此,毫无疑问拥有2000多年历史的日本皇室今后将继续存在。因为天皇是日本国民统一的象征。除了英国外,西班牙和泰国等国家也都保留着王室。预计这些国家也将继续保留王室制度。

在提到日本平成时代即将结束的问题时,傅高义表示,经济的高速增长期结束、泡沫达到顶峰后破裂。之后日本进入了被称为“失去的20年”,值得关注的是日本社会依然保持平稳运营。傅高义认为这是日本社会安定的30年。决定退出欧盟的英国和特朗普当选总统的美国,面临着诸多社会问题。日本与英美等国家相比不均衡的问题较轻,此外还确立了医疗制度。虽然移民问题成为争论点,但从避免国内对立和社会不稳定来说不接受移民是明智的。

有关日本即将实行的新年号,傅作义认为,在平成时代,日本的经济规模被中国超越。新的时代日本如何面对力量进一步增强的中国将受到考验。美国一极支配的时代已经结束。美日关系的重要性没有改变,不过日本有必要更加积极地思考与中国的关系。当前中日两国迎来了改善关系的机会。中日首脑均构筑了稳定的政治基础,即使相互接近也不容易引发批评。傅高义还认为,2018年中方领导人有望访问日本,如果能够与日本天皇举行会面,或许将产生好的影响。

傅高义(Ezra Vogel):1930年出生,美国社会学者。哈佛大学教授,中国和日本问题专家,曾担任东亚研究中心主任等职务。分析日本竞争力的著书《日本第一》(1979年出版)成为畅销书。[环球网报道 记者王欢]

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