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中国敦促欧盟停止对华“替代国”做法

2017-12-18 08:36:18   中国经济网

中国常驻世界贸易组织大使张向晨日前在世贸组织上诉机构举行的会议上,敦促欧盟和其他成员兑现承诺,停止对华“替代国”做法,遵守世贸规则。

中国驻世贸组织代表团12月14日表示,世贸组织专家组6日就中国诉欧盟反倾销“替代国”做法一案举行首次听证会,张向晨代表中方进行了口头陈述。

张向晨指出,《中国加入世贸组织议定书》是世贸组织成员共同签署的条约,中方在加入世贸组织后信守承诺,同意其他成员在15年过渡期里使用“替代国”做法,中国也为此付出了沉重代价。现在,欧盟和其他成员也必须信守条约,兑现承诺,在过渡期结束后停止“替代国”做法,遵守世贸规则。

张向晨表示,2001年~2016年,世贸组织成员对中国出口产品发起的反倾销调查超过1000起。在很多反倾销案中,歧视性的高额反倾销税导致中国企业停业破产,数以万计的工人被迫下岗,对中国出口产业和工薪家庭造成了严重后果。

张向晨指出,《议定书》明确规定,“替代国”做法“无论如何”均应于中国入世15年后失效,其中不存在任何歧义。自2016年12月11日起,《议定书》中再无任何对中国出口产品弃用中国市场价格和成本的法律依据,其他世贸成员针对中国的反倾销调查应当适用世贸组织一般规则,欧盟和其他成员反倾销法律中的歧视性条款也应终止。但此后,欧盟不仅没有根据世贸规则的改变修改其法律,并且仍然在对华反倾销案件中继续使用“替代国”做法,甚至据此错误做法对中国出口产品发起新的反倾销调查。

2016年12月12日,中国就欧盟继续对华反倾销调查使用“替代国”做法,提出在世贸组织争端解决机制下的磋商请求。张向晨表示,欧盟视白纸黑字如无物、视条约承诺如儿戏的做法令中方感到遗憾。中方将此诉诸争端解决程序,是为维护多边规则的正义之举。

在当天的听证会上,张向晨针对作为本案第三方之一的美国表示拒绝给予中国“市场经济地位”待遇的做法表示错愕。他表示,《议定书》中的绝大部分条款是在中美双边入世谈判中达成的,美方也在谈判中接受其中的“非市场经济条款”应有明确的终止时间。美方如今的做法,无异于否定双方在入世谈判中所共同付出的巨大努力。

张向晨指出,并不存在放之四海而皆准的市场经济定义。欧盟和美国在其法律中定义何为市场经济,并在本案中按其对市场经济的定义曲解世贸规则,实际是在试图操纵国际贸易规则,并令其他世贸成员屈从于他们自行设立的规矩。“我们对其给以规则为基础的多边贸易体制带来的系统性影响深感担忧。”

张向晨强调,在加入世贸组织时,中国相信世贸组织是一个以规则为基础、非歧视并推动贸易自由化的体系。然而,欧盟的涉案措施违反了上述每一项原则:它歪曲规则且充满歧视和保护主义色彩。在本案中,欧盟是否能够被要求遵守其在协定项下的义务关系到争端解决机制的可信度,关系到世贸组织的权威,关系到全体成员对多边贸易体系的信念。

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