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日英防务合作升温 同盟”言之尚早

2017-12-16 17:10:18   新华网

新华社北京12月16日电(国际观察)日英防务合作升温 “同盟”言之尚早

新华社记者张代蕾 王可佳

英国和日本14日在伦敦举行由双方外长和防长参加的“2+2”会谈。双方就加强联合军事训练等事宜发表声明,显示两国安保合作关系升级。

分析人士认为,在英国“脱欧”、美国调整亚太战略等大背景下,日英防务合作不断升温属于各取所需,并不同于战前日英同盟的性质,现阶段也不会对亚太地区形势产生太大影响。

  加强军事合作

此次会谈是英日两国首脑2014年就举行外交与国防阁僚会谈达成共识后举行的第三次“2+2”会谈。英国外交大臣鲍里斯·约翰逊和国防大臣加文·威廉姆森、日本外相河野太郎和防卫相小野寺五典参加了会谈。

据日本媒体报道,双方在会谈中确认将合作开发新型空对空导弹。日本《朝日新闻》称,这是日本与美国之外的其他国家首次进行导弹方面的合作研究。

英国国防部14日发表的声明中没有提及研发武器的内容,但强调2018年将是英日在安全和防务合作上“联系更加紧密的一年”。

声明确认,英国海军护卫舰“萨瑟兰”号明年将访问日本,护卫舰“阿盖尔”号也将被派到日本参加演习。英国陆军明年还将派遣45人到日本与日方进行联合训练。《朝日新闻》称,这将是双方陆上和海上军事力量分别实施首次联合训练。

此外,两国还同意实施为期三年的防务合作计划,兑现两国首相今年8月底在日本见面时所作的承诺。

  双方各有需求

英国牛津大学教授、日本问题研究专家伊恩·内亚里指出,英日升级防务合作,是因为双方都想在各自的“特殊时期”寻求一个可以声援自己的盟友。

内亚里在接受新华社记者采访时说,日本当局担心美国特朗普政府不再把亚太放在美国全球战略的首要位置,甚至不再重视亚太地区,因此想拉拢和倚靠更多军事大国。英国是安理会常任理事国,在英联邦国家中影响力依然存在,也是海军强国之一,因此成为日本努力拉拢的对象之一。

从英国方面看,为了打击全球恐怖主义以及增强自身在亚太地区的话语权和影响力,英国也需要在亚太地区寻找一个伙伴。对英国来说,同为岛国、经济发达的日本是一个不错的选择。

此外,现阶段加强与日本的联系与合作也可令英国缓解“脱欧”后面临的困境。“英国眼下正重新评估和考量自己脱离欧盟后在全球的新定位,寻求新的战略选项。”内亚里说。

  “同盟”言之过早

日本与英国在安全防务领域的合作近年来呈现快速发展势头。2013年7月,双方签署了推动军事装备联合开发的协定,2014年开始有关导弹技术的联合研究。

2016年10月至11月,英国空军访日,首次实现两国联合演习。这也是日本航空自卫队首次在本土与美国以外的第三国进行联合演习。今年1月,日英两国签署“军需相互支援协定”,允许自卫队与英军相互提供弹药等物资。8月底,英国首相特雷莎·梅访问日本,出席日本国家安全保障会议,并与日方确认“进一步提升日英安保合作”。

有报道称,明年英国海军将派遣新航母“伊丽莎白女王”号到日本近海,与日本海上自卫队实施联合训练。

两国安全防务合作的升温,引发了日本方面有关日英“同盟关系”的论调。20世纪初,日英为应对沙俄在远东的扩张曾一度结成同盟。日本前驻英大使林景一将当前的日英关系称为“新型同盟”。此次“2+2”会谈后,《朝日新闻》报道称,两国间的“准同盟”色彩变得更加浓重。

不过,上海国际问题研究院亚太研究中心副研究员蔡亮认为,尽管英国在国家安保战略中把日本视为“同盟”,但这种“同盟关系”与战前同盟的概念完全不同。客观上看,由于双方战略利益缺少契合点,英国并没有强烈的动机和意图与日本发展同盟关系。

内亚里也认为,英日两国的所谓“准同盟关系”更多是为了推动双方未来在安全防务上互相协作。从英国角度看,两国合作现阶段不会对亚太地区产生太大影响。

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