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特雷莎·梅遭党内拆台 “脱欧”法案议会遇阻

2017-12-15 06:51:16   新华网

好不容易同欧洲联盟就“脱欧”方案三大争议点达成初步一致、指望14日在欧盟峰会上转入贸易关系谈判,英国首相特雷莎·梅13日遭遇自己党内“拆台”:保守党12名议员联合反对党通过一项议案,要求修订政府提出的“脱欧法案”条款,使议会对政府与欧盟达成的任何“脱欧”协议拥有说“不”的权力。

欧盟峰会上,英国“脱欧”进程是“重头戏”,但议会在峰会前夕的这一出“戏”,无疑打击特雷莎·梅政府在国内的“脱欧”政策主导权,谈判能否如期完成再添变数。

  【叛变·羞辱·失败】

经过激烈辩论,要求修订“脱欧法案”的议案13日晚以309票支持、305票反对的表决结果,在英国下议院“惊险”通过。

“险情”背后,12名保守党议员“反叛”起了关键作用。

“反叛者”包括8名前内阁大臣。修订案起草者、前英国总检察长多米尼克·格里夫说,表决结果能确保议会不会就“脱欧”议题给政府开“空白支票”。

另一名“反叛者”是斯蒂芬·哈蒙德。表决结束后,他被解除保守党副主席职务。

“今晚我把国家和选民置于党派利益之上,遵循我所信奉的原则投票,赋予议会一份实实在在的表决权。”哈蒙德在“推特”上解释道。所谓“实实在在的表决权”,是特雷莎·梅先前安抚议员们的承诺,即确保议会对“脱欧”最终方案拥有表决权,但反对者始终质疑这一承诺的“含金量”,希望在最终方案达成前议会就有足够话语权。

前教育大臣妮基·摩根说:“今晚议会掌控了脱欧进程。”

其他保守党议员对自己人“反叛”非常愤怒。娜丁·多里斯在“推特”上说:“今晚,这些变节保守议员在工党脚下安了弹簧,使他们品尝到胜利滋味,让保守党这个周末在媒体面前丢脸,打击了首相,削弱她在(欧盟总部所在地)布鲁塞尔的影响力。他们就该被剥夺当选资格,终身不得再当保守党议员。”

英国广播公司说,这是政府“脱欧”议程在议会中遭遇的第一场真正“失败”。

反对党欢欣鼓舞。工党领袖杰里米·科宾说,这场失败出现在欧盟峰会将讨论“脱欧”下一步关键议程的前夕,对特雷莎·梅而言是“个人权威羞辱性丧失”。

  【令人失望的“小挫折”】

针对表决结果,英国政府发表声明:“我们失望,尽管我们提供了有力的保证,议会却仍投票通过了修订案……这项修订案不会阻挡我们起草‘脱欧日’法规,我们现在将决定是否对脱欧法案做进一步修订,以确保它实现其关键目标。”

就这一“挫折”对“脱欧”进程的影响,英国内阁高官有不同说法。

司法大臣多米尼克·拉布说:“虽然是挫折,却是一个相当小的挫折,不会妨碍脱欧进程,不会阻挡我们在2019年3月脱离欧盟。”

英国今年3月29日正式向欧盟递交申请“脱欧”文件,按照规程,将在两年后的2019年3月29日、即所谓“脱欧日”正式退出欧盟。

有内阁成员告诉英国广播公司记者,保守党内部本来对“脱欧”方案就分裂得厉害,议会立法进程注定会“扯皮”不断。

  【更大时间压力】

英国与欧盟需要在明年秋天前就“脱欧”后双方政法经贸关系安排达成一系列协议,留出时间让欧盟各国立法机构批准。欧盟已经一再警告英国“时间紧迫”。

8日,特雷莎·梅政府刚与欧盟就“脱欧”分手费、爱尔兰与英国边界、公民权利三大“前提”议题达成初步一致,期待14日欧盟峰会正式启动下一步关于英欧贸易关系的谈判议程。

“脱欧法案”是特雷莎·梅政府推进“脱欧”议程的重要一环。它要求废除大约1.2万条欧盟法律在现有英国法律体系中的支配地位、而将它们内化为英国法律,以便“脱欧”之日仍按现行法规行事,不至于陷入无法可依的困境。

“亲欧派”议员多次尝试改变“脱欧法案”中行文条款,确保政府无法“绕开”议会实施任何“脱欧”协议,13日表决是他们第一次取得成功。除非政府推翻这一结果,今后无论政府与欧盟达成什么协议,都必须由议会通过立法才能实施。

英国“脱欧”事务大臣戴维·戴维斯先前说,英欧就分手费、边界划分、公民权利等焦点议题达成的协议只是“意向声明”,并非板上钉钉。欧盟首席“脱欧”谈判代表米歇尔·巴尼耶回应说,英国所作承诺已记录在案,“不能反悔”,下一步必须转化成“有法律约束力的协议”。(沈敏)(新华社专特稿)

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