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利好频传退援有望 希腊经济脱困为欧债危机画句号

2017-12-13 08:50:21   中国经济网

虽然今年以来经济数据足够亮眼的欧元区已经丝毫不见债务危机的迹象,但只要“欧猪五国”中还有一个尚在接受欧盟经济援助,认定欧债危机已经结束都显得略为牵强。

不过,近期欧元区终于等来了希腊摆脱援助的曙光。随着12月4日与债权人就第三轮援助的发放达成协议,希腊将在明年1月底前获得50亿欧元贷款,不出意外的话,按之前约定,这会是欧盟给希腊发放的最后一笔贷款。就目前情况来看,希腊经济复苏势头显著,延长援助计划的可能性不大,欧债危机画上句号的日子指日可待。

利好频传

一组数据可以证明希腊经济当前复苏的势头有多强劲。

经济增速方面,三季度希腊国内生产总值(GDP)增速为0.3%,连续第三个季度实现了增长;基本盈余方面,据希腊财政部发布的数据,今年上半年希腊初级财政盈余达到了19.36亿欧元,远超预期的4.31亿欧元,年增长18.63%。而就在8年前的2009年,希腊政府赤字占GDP比例还高达15.1%。

最新消息还显示,希腊总理齐普拉斯已公开宣布,计划于12月向中低收入家庭和退休人员发放每人1000欧元、总计10亿欧元的“社会红利”,并会向国有的公共电力公司(PPC)提供3.60亿欧元,从而确保2018年能源价格不会上涨,以上资金的出处多数来自希腊政府本年度的财政盈余。

另外,今年7月,希腊在中断三年之后重返债券市场,发行了平均收益率为4.66%的五年期债券;造船业和旅游业这两大拉动希腊经济增长的主要行业也表现良好。

数据显示,2017年上半年入境希腊人数增长10.5%,希腊旅游收入从去年同期的17.9亿欧元增长到20.47亿欧元。同时,10月初希腊造船商手持订单价值总额达152亿美元,仅次于日本船东的201亿美元,排名全球第二。

商务部研究院欧洲与欧亚研究所副主任姚铃就对国际商报记者肯定了希腊经济现阶段取得的成绩。她说,希腊经济确实已经走在了复苏的通道中。

国际评级机构也纷纷为希腊经济复苏背书,先后调高了对希腊的主权信用评级。国际信用评级机构穆迪将希腊的长期发行人和高级无担保债券评级由Caa3升至Caa2,评级展望由稳定升至正面。穆迪预测,希腊2017年的经济增长将超过欧元区平均水平。标准普尔将希腊的主权评级展望从“稳定”上调到了“正面”,惠誉也紧跟宣布上调希腊评级至B-。

退援有望

姚铃分析,希腊经济复苏之所以能获得肯定,很大原因在于其经济的好转是有根基的。首先,希腊此轮经济增长得益于世界和欧洲经济复苏通过贸易渠道的拉动。具体来说,世界贸易复苏带动希腊造船业增长;全球经济回暖则可以拉动希腊旅游业火爆。希腊国家统计局的统计数据显示,2017年上半年希腊的出口(包括燃料)绝对值同比2016年上半年增长18.2%即20亿欧元,达到141.8亿欧元。

其次,债务危机爆发后希腊政府坚定实施的私有化战略帮助希腊减轻了不少负担,而且未来这些私有化项目还将为希腊带来更多可持续的外部资本。以中国资本为例,当前,中远海运集团控股希腊第一大港口;中国国家电网持股希腊国家电网;中国华为则为希腊超过一半以上的家庭提供宽带服务,为超过80%的人口提供了无线网络覆盖。

再次,债务危机爆发后,希腊也确实严格执行了财政紧缩政策,改革的成果正在逐渐显现。资料显示,从2010年开始,希腊政府至少进行了14次以削减福利和养老金为内容的“紧缩改革”。根据欧盟统计局的数据,危机爆发前的2008年,希腊的劳动力成本平均为每小时16.8欧元,而到了2014年下降为14.5欧元。

基于此,姚铃认为,如果不出意外,希腊经济将按照现有轨道持续复苏,待到明年8月希腊完全退出援助计划,欧债危机将可以正式画上句号。

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