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外媒:用艺术向海洋塑料污染开战

2017-12-12 11:55:18   新华网

英国金融时报网12日发表了题为《塑料鱼:用艺术向海洋塑料污染开战》的文章。主要内容如下:

当奥地利化学家沃尔夫冈·特勒纳克搬到西班牙西北部的时候,他被自家附近海滩上的大量废弃塑料和海洋垃圾吓坏了。这些塑料瓶子、袋子、渔网、浮标、绳子、旧靴子、甚至玩具散落在数英里长的海岸线上,让他意识到使用塑料对环境的的严峻后果。

为了应对这一问题,他与同为化学家的玛格丽塔·西米德维拉成立了一个团体,通过艺术与科学相结合的方式制造出具有创造性和创新性的作品,向公众进行宣传,并激发公众,尤其是年轻人采取行动应对污染、过度捕捞和海洋开发。

他们题为“海·塑”的展览在斑斓的色彩中透着肃穆。所有的艺术品都以海洋为主题,所用的材料都是被冲上大西洋加利西亚海滩的各种人类废弃物。塑料瓶、袋子、渔网、绳子、鞋子和玩具都被赋予了新的使命,以拼贴画和悬挂饰物等艺术形式呈现出来。五光十色的展品只有一个主题:海洋环境和海洋生物正遭受着废弃物引起的塑料摄入、缠绕和毒性升高等问题的残酷折磨,而这本是可以避免的。

这一展览属于“生态艺术”实验新浪潮的一部分,旨在唤起人们对环境、可持续性和循环利用等问题的关注。

他们的展览于欧盟委员会今年10月在马耳他举办的“我们的海洋”国际会议期间开幕。在开幕式上,我们抓住机会采访了几位艺术家。

这些塑料来自何方?

一大部分塑料来自渔业活动:渔网、鱼笼、绳索等一切渔民们会用到的东西,甚至还包括鞋子。另外一大部分来自水产养殖,这是加利西亚的一项重要产业,主要养殖对象是贻贝和牡蛎。第三个重要来源是生活垃圾和城市垃圾,凡是你能在超市买到的东西在海滩上都能找到。

调查塑料污染是一回事,用塑料制做艺术品又是另一回事,你们是如何想到这种方式的?

科学和艺术非常相似,其步骤都是一样的:调查、揣摩、试验。总之它们有很多共同点。我们意在通过这些艺术品对抗塑料污染问题,所以我们在作品旁边都放了卡片,解释该作品所揭示的塑料污染问题,并提出对策。

调查发现是否让你感到震惊?

通过调查,我获悉鱼类会误食塑料,并死于无处不在的渔网缠绕。塑料材料的毒性改变了鱼类性别,并导致其他奇怪的现象。这真的令人震惊,因为在我们开始这项工作时,可以获得的科学信息微乎其微。

你希望艺术可以实现哪些与科学不同的结果?

我们认为艺术是向人们,特别是年轻人传递信息的媒介。我们并没有像通常那样使用刺激震撼的图片,而是用了一种可以说是更富诗意的方式。但其背后的主题是非常严肃的。

你说有很多垃圾都来自渔业和水产养殖的生产活动。对此人们能做些什么?

渔民和水产养殖业者应该更加注意他们所用的材料。不仅要更换材料,还要更注意使用方法。一些材料是无意丢失,而非有意抛弃在海里的。

可以具体谈谈这一点吗?

一些材料可能是水产养殖场遭受风暴侵袭时丢失的,所以并非故意为之。人们应该注意不要在海滩上乱扔垃圾。每到夏天,我都看到很多人把垃圾留在海滩上。并非大家卫生习惯不好,但每个人都留下一点垃圾的话,也会越积越多。一些垃圾是被吹到海里的。加利西亚是一个多风的地方,所以即便你扔到垃圾箱里也可能会被风吹走,最后落进大海里。

一些国家已经禁止使用塑料袋,你认为这是一个有效的办法吗?

是的,这是一个开始。西班牙已经在针对每个塑料袋的使用收取几分钱的费用,以此逐步禁止使用塑料袋。我可以看到人们正逐渐减少塑料袋的使用,但总的用量仍然很大。塑料瓶也是一样的。因为自来水有时并不卫生,而且带有氯味,所以很多人购买瓶装水,这个数量非常大。为了反映这一问题,我们用塑料瓶做了一个鱼类挂饰。

传递的信息很清楚:是时候采取行动了,我们真的面临一个巨大的问题。

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